Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
An accurate, precise, robust, and sensitive gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was developed for the determination of residual solvents in edaravone injection formulation. Impurities may be present in final pharmaceutical products. However, their presence and control in drug substances and drug products are regulated according to pharmacopoeial standards and ICH guidelines. Pharmaceutical products generally contain three types of impurities: organic, inorganic, and residual solvents. Residual solvents are volatile organic chemicals used during the manufacture of drug substances or products. In this study, a simple and sensitive GC method was developed and validated for the determination of methanol as a residual solvent in edaravone formulation. Chromatographic separation was performed on an AB-Innowax polar capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) using nitrogen as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min. The temperature program was set at 50 ºC (1 min), increased to 70 ºC (2 min), then raised to 200 ºC at 10 ºC/min then raised to 250 ºC and held for...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Introduction: Community acquired urinary tract infection is defined as urinary tract infection occurring in outpatient setting, or in < 48 hrs after hospitalization, with no recent past history of urological procedure or catheter insertion. However, in almost all cases of community acquired urinary tract infection, antibiotic therapy is prescribed empirically before urine culture. Further there is increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones, ampicillin, and cephalosporin in bacteria causing community acquired UTI. Clinicians should be aware of sensitivity pattern of organisms causing community to acquire UTI. Material and Method: This retrospective study was conducted from 1/5/2024 to 15/9/2024 after obtaining approval from IEC committee. Patients who visited outpatient department and diagnosed themselves as UTI are included in this study. Hospitalized patient (> 48 hrs. admission), patient with catheter associated infection, patients recently undergone urological procedure were excluded from the study Urine cultures were done in our laboratory according to standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method. Result: Out of 115 urine specimens, 80 samples were positive...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
The purpose of the present study is to focus on comparative analysis between antidiabetic drugs and minerals like calcium and phosphorus to understand their role in inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The sample size is 500 blood samples of both genders which was divided into 3 groups: A, B, and C. Group A on metformin of daily dosage 500mg consisted of 200 subjects, Group B on other anti-diabetic drugs (Glimepiride) of daily dosage 2 mg consisted of 200 subjects. Both groups A and B had no other complications from diabetes. Group C included controls, consisting of 100 healthy individuals with no history of diabetes. When compared between two drug (metformin and other anti-diabetic drug) groups, the percentages of Serum calcium, phosphorus in both male and female groups were significantly decreased and consequently, inflammatory markers like leptin, IL-6, hsCRP, TNF-α were significantly increased in metformin group rather than who were on another anti-diabetic drug group. Decreased serum calcium and phosphorus levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus who are on...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Graptophyllum pictum (GP) is used to treat anemiain some traditional communities. To understand this practice, we had prepared GP tea leaves for the management of phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rats. An experimental protocol was built with six groups of six rats each. Rats in normal group were fed with standard food and water ad libitum. The rest of rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg of phenylhydrazine for two days to induce anemia. The GP tea leaves (GPTL) had an extraction percentage of 40.8% and contained: ron (32.89 mg/100 g dry material (DM)), carotenoids (649.01 mg/100g DM), phytates (0.22 mg/100g DM) and oxalates (3.21 mg/100g DM For the in-vivo experiment, intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine leads to decreases: hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, MCH, MCHC; increases in white blood cells and MCV threshold in anemic rats was observed. After 3 days feeding period of rats with 210 mg / kg of (GPTL) or 0.3mg / kg of Ranferon®, a restoration of all the parameters mentioned was observed. (GPTL) restored of...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Microbial biofilms are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Cells within biofilms exhibit altered physiology and resistance to antimicrobial agents, making biofilm associated infections challenging to treat. Although numerous compounds are being evaluated for antibiofilm activity, lack of standardized and optimized evaluation methods often result in poor reproducibility and inconsistent interpretation of efficacy. This study aimed to optimize in-vitro methods for assessing the efficacy of antibiofilm agents against clinically relevant biofilm forming bacteria. Biofilms of Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 432, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 and Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 3615 were evaluated using model antibiofilm agents like acetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Assays for minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), biofilm dispersion, viability of biofilm embedded cells, extracellular DNA (eDNA) release and exopolysaccharide production and emulsification were standardized. Species-specific differences in biofilm eradication and dispersion thresholds were observed signifying organism specific evaluation of the antibiofilm agents. The optimized methods exhibit enhanced...
Read More
