Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
The electrochemical behavior of Ketamine is studied by employing D.C. Polorography (DCP), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) in universal buffers of pH ranging from 2.0-12.0. The kinetic parameters, such as transfer coefficients, diffusion coefficients and heterogeneous forward rate constant values were evaluated by employing these techniques. Differential Pulse Polarography was employed for the estimation of ketamine in selected pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
Oral salbutamol sulphate has site-specific absorption in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine. Its bioavailability is about 40% due to several factors including narrow absorption window and extensive intestinal metabolism. The aim of this study was to formulate and optimize sustained release floating tablets of salbutamol sulphate in order to improve its bioavailability and reduce its dosing frequency. Accordingly, floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique and drug release analysis was performed by HPLC. The effects of polymer level, polymer type (XG or HPMC), polymer ratio (XG/HPMC; 1:1, 1:3, 3:1) and NaHCO3 level on floating lag time, floating duration, cumulative release within 1 hr, and release rate were investigated. From preliminary studies, the polymer with 1:3 (XG:HPMC) ratio and NaHCO3 were selected as significant factors and cumulative release at 1 hr and release rate were chosen as significant responses, respectively. Hence, the effect of these factors were further studied and optimized by central composite design. The most desirable representative optimal point was obtained at 24.79%...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/ MS) assay method has been developed and fully validated for the quantification of Teriflunomide (TFM), in different biological matrices like human plasma, rat plasma, rabbit plasma and dog plasma and as well as their serums. The analytes were extracted from 200 µL aliquots of each plasma/serum via protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The extracted samples were chromatographed on a XBridge C18 column by using acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate (pH 9.0) as the mobile phase in gradient mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curves obtained were linear (r2 ≥ 0.98) over the concentration range of 1.0–4000 ng/mL. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with an electro spray ionization (ESI) mode using the respective m/z 268.8→82 for TFM and 281→86 for IS. The method was validated interms of specificity, accuracy, precision and limit of quantification. The results of the intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy studies were...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
The discovery of the f-channel and its role in regulating pacemaker activity lead to the development of new pharmacological agents such as ivabradine, which target these f-channels causing a reduction in heart rate by inhibiting the /fcurrent. The aim of the present work was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ivabradine on experimentally- induced myocardial infarction and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia in rats. In addition, the present work studied the effect of ivabradine on isolated rabbit’s aortic spiral strip and isolated rabbit’s heart. Acute myocardial infarction in rats was induced by isoperameline (150mg/kg subcutenous injection, once) 24 rats were divided into the following groups: group (1) control normal rats, group (II) myocardial infarction – induced rats with no previous treatment, group (III) myocardial infarction – induced rats pretreated with ivabradine (10mg/kg/day) for one week and group (IV)) myocardial infarction – induced rats pretreated with carvedilol (1mg/kg/day) for one week. Electrophysiological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were estimated. pretreatment with either ivabradine or carvedilol show significant improvement in all these parameters with...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
The reaction between 2-naphthol, aryl aldehydes and ammonia or amines yields aminobenzyl naphthols in process known as Betti reaction; this procedure can be interpreted as extension of the Mannich condensation, with formaldehyde replaced by aromatic aldehydes, secondary amine by ammonia and the C – H acid by an electron-rich aromatic compound such as 2-naphthol. 1,3-Disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphth[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines were prepared through reactions of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and amines in ratio 1:2:1 in presence of methanol. Acid hydrolysis of 1,3-naphthoxazines using 20% HCl produce derivatives of Betti bases, Betti bases were prepared directly via the reaction between 2–naphthol, benzaldehyde and ammonia solution or aliphatic amines (primary and secondary) in ratio 1:1:1 in presence of water. Some of the Betti base derivatives which were synthesized by the two methods reacted with diazonium salts and produce colour compounds in moderate to high yield known as azo dyes. The structures of the all synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, H1-NMR, and MS spectral studies. Results of this study revealed that, the Betti base derivatives which were...
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