Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
To evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the Mukia maderaspatana Linn. (MML), and to explore the possible mechanism. High-fat diet and STZ (35 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats were administered with MML at two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose, lipid and lipoprotein levels such as triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and glucose tolerance were tested to evaluate its anti-diabetic effects. Moreover, the preliminary study of MML on the antioxidant activity was performed. The MML possessed anti-diabetic activities as shown by the decreased serum levels of fast blood glucose (FBG), TG, TC, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, as well as increased serum levels of HDL-C. MML also improved the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to a certain degree. These benefits were also associated with increased catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. The experimental results highlighted the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of the MML on diabetes and its complications, possibly through a...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
For reducing the gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity associated with ibuprofen (IBU), its carboxylic group was masked by synthesizing its mutual prodrugs with propyphenazone by direct coupling and by using spacer technique (amino acid was taken as a spacer). The structures of synthesized prodrugs were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass and FT-IR spectral methods, and their purity were established by elemental analysis. The mutual prodrugs were evaluated for their drug release behavior in enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4). The release of free ibuprofen from prodrugs showed negligible hydrolysis at gastric pH in SGF as compared to SIF where they undergo significant hydrolysis and thus release IBU in adequate amounts following first-order kinetics. Both IBU prodrugs were retaining anti-inflammatory activity intact and exhibited better analgesic activity along with much-reduced ulcerogenic. Prodrug IP1, however, showed better analgesic activity and negligible ulcerogenic tendency than IP2, and hence it could be considered as a better candidate for prodrug among the...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. One of the leading causes of diabetes mellitus related morbidity and mortality is diabetic nephropathy. The earliest stage of diabetic nephropathy is Microalbuminuria, which is the excretion of extremely small quantities of albumin in the range of 30 – 300 mg/day. Hypomagnesaemia may be a risk factor for the progression of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: The material for the present study comprised of 60 patients of type2 diabetes mellitus. Glycosylated hemoglobin, serum magnesium, and urinary microalbumin were measured. Results: It was found that the glycemic control, as indicated by glycosylated hemoglobin, is related significantly to microalbuminuria. Poor glycemic control leading to renal damage causes microalbuminuria. A significant inverse correlation between serum magnesium and urinary microalbumin levels was also observed. Conclusion: Estimation of urinary microalbumin, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum magnesium should be routinely done in confirmed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus....
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
In the present study antiurolithic activity of various extract of the whole plant of Ageratum consider Linn. was investigated on experimentally urolithiasis induced male albino wistar rats. Urolithiasis was induced in animals by using ethylene glycol (5% v/v, 2ml/rat/7days). Experimental induction of hyperoxaluria results in the rapid formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tubules of experimental animals. The investigation was done based on estimation of stone-forming constituents oxalate, calcium, and phosphate, in kidney and urine. Treatment with ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extract (500mg/kg, p.o) of Ageratum conzoides, the standard group treated with calculi (500mg/kg, p.o) and a positive control group treated with the only saline. The results are compared with calculi, ethanolic extracts, and ethyl acetate extract are significantly lowered the increased levels of oxalate, calcium, and phosphate in urine and also significantly reduced their retention in the kidney. The presented data indicate that administration of Ageratum conzoides extracts decrease urolithiasis and also prevented the formation of urinary stones; it proves the antiurolithiatic activity of the...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
Comparative DFT calculations have been studied for Paracetamol (PA) and its analog Phenacetin (PH) to verify their electronic resemblance. DFT studies concluded that PA and PH have the lower energy predominant trans conformers with respect the cis-conformers. From TD-DFT studies, the electronic transition energies between the ground state and singlet excited states for the two conformers have been done. The metabolized product of PA or PH, i.e., m-PA in the liver of the human being is N-acetylimidoquinone. The electron affinity, Ea, of metabolized Paracetamol (m-PA) is sufficient to interact with the nucleic acid bases in the liver. So long as the m-PA product is produced in the liver and the electron transfer energy, Eet, between m-PA and nucleic acid bases has very small energy value with guanine, i.e., 0.382 eV, from the nucleus of the cell in the liver producing a spontaneous electron transfer from the nucleus to m-PA producing cationic nucleus leading to the carcinogenic behavior of the cell in the liver. The presence of glutathione in the...
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