Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Dendrophthoe falcata L. is an important folk medicinal plant for its medicinal uses against different types of diseases. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal and insecticidal activities of aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether fractions of D. falcata leaves. Antidiarrhoeal activities of these extracts were evaluated in Swiss albino mice by three different approaches: (i) castor oil–induced diarrhea, (ii) castor oil–induced enteropooling and (iii) activated charcoal induced small intestinal transit. Three doses of the leaf extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg.p.o.) and standard drug loperamide (5mg/kg.p.o.) were used to conduct the research which showed a significant (P<0.001) reduction in the severity and frequency of diarrhea (total number and weight of stools), the volume and weight of intestinal content, as well as intestinal transit compared to control group at dose-dependent manner. Ethanol extract exhibited maximum inhibition (83.47%) among the four fractions, which are slightly less than loperamide (89.23%) whereas aqueous fraction produced the lowest inhibition (50.95%). The insecticidal activity of these extracts was investigated by the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
The photostability of two fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin have been detected in tablets, and eye drops formulations using light-stability cabinet. Ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin were subjected to stress conditions. The degradation products were well separated from the peak of the active substance. The stability of these compounds has been studied both in containers and under direct light in the light-stability cabinet. Samples were assayed immediately and at 1, 3, 6 months by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography methods with a photodiode array detector. The determination was performed on C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The first mobile phase consisted of 0.025M phosphoric acid, and acetonitrile (87:13) pumped at a flow rate 2ml/min for ciprofloxacin, while the second consisted of water, acetonitrile, triethylamine (80:20:0.3) pumped at a flow rate 1ml/min for lomefloxacin. The UV detector was operated at 278 nm for ciprofloxacin and 288 nm for lomefloxacin. The methods were suitably validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and selectivity. All validation parameters were within the accep-tance range. Data analysis revealed that...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
This article aimed to evaluate the effect of valerian on a single dose kinetic of carbamazepine in rabbits. Five healthy male rabbits in a randomized, two-crossover design were enrolled in this study. Rabbits were divided into two groups; the first received a single dose of 100 mg carbamazepine (CBZ) suspension. The second group received CBZ 100 mg suspension concurrently with valerian (VAL) 25 mg dry extract. After a washout period of one week, the doses were given in a reverse manner. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Serum was assayed for CBZ using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined for CBZ in both cases using non-compartmental analysis. Statistically insignificant differences P ≥ 0.05 were found in PK parameters when CBZ was given alone or concurrently with VAL; the values were Cmax 6.52 ± 1.6 µg/ml versus 5.32 ± 1.4 µg/ml, tmax 2.6 ± 0.9 h versus 3.3 ± 0.9 h, AUC0-24 83.80 ± 28.8 µg·h/ml versus 60.4 ± 12 µg·h/ml, AUC0-∞ 166.20 ± 74 µg·h/ml...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a bacterium that causes skin infection as a result of skin colonization, is becoming increasingly resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) or hempedu bumi, traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation and infection, in extract form has been shown to exhibited anti-bacterial activity against various bacteria. This study aims to examine the anti-bacterial properties of A. paniculata towards S. aureus and formulate A. paniculata into cream to determine its anti-bacterial properties. Plant extraction using water was performed at Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Different concentrations (5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of aqueous extract of and cream containing A. paniculata were used in the disc diffusion method for determination of antibacterial activity towards S. aureus. The creams were evaluated physically and chemically. Microbiological pre- and post-testing were carried out for both extract and cream formulations to determine their anti-bacterial properties. Both extract and cream containing A. paniculata showed good anti-bacterial properties against S. aureus. The anti-bacterial activities were proportional to the concentration...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric Method (A) and spectrofluorimetric Method (B) were described for the analysis of oxcarbazepine. The proposed methods were based on the oxidation of the drug with cerium (IV) ion in acidic medium with subsequent measurement of either the decrease in absorbance at 321 nm or the fluorescence intensity of the produced cerous (III) ion at 363 nm emission after excitation at 256 nm. All variables that affect the decrease in absorbance or the fluorescence intensity such as the concentration of cerium (IV), reaction time and temperature, and the diluting solvent were studied and optimized. Beer’s low was obeyed in the range of 0.25 – 2.5 µg ml-1 and 80 – 720 ng ml-1. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.01 and 0.241 µg ml-1 and 17.8 and 59.33 ng ml-1 for the method (A) and method (B), respectively. These methods were validated and successfully applied to the determination of oxcarbazepine tablets with an average percent recovery ± RSD% of 100.32 ± 0.283 and 100.03 ±...
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