Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and cost effective UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of levofloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The solvent used throughout the experiment was 0.1N NaOH. Absorption maximum (λmax) of the drug was found to be 288 nm. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out at 288 nm and Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 2-12μg/mL. The method was shown linear in the mentioned concentrations having line equation y = 0.0704x + 0.0034 with correlation coefficient R2of 0.999. The recovery values for levofloxacin ranged from 99.92% – 100.33%. The relative standard deviation of six replicates of assay was less than 2%.The percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of interday precision range was 0.469 – 0.925 % and intraday precision range was 0.685 – 0.713%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.087μg/mL and 0.164μg/mL. The percent relative standard deviation of robustness and ruggedness of the method was 0.136 – 0.213%....
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
ABSTRACT: Aim: The main aim behind this work is to study the effect of thermal methods used for the formulation upon the candesartan cilexetil properties and to evaluate the changes due to temperature Method: Melt method was followedto study the polymorphic changes in the candesartan cilexetil solid dispersions. In this method different ratios of drug to carrier were selected for the formulation. Initially the carrier was melted in china dish at 800c, when the complete carrier was converted to liquid form the weighed amount of drug was added to the liquefied carrier and stirred vigorously to get homogenous mixture and to get uniform coating of the carrier around the drug, then the homogenous mixture was cooled at room temperature to solidify the formulation. The final formulation was then evaluated by DSC, X-RD, FTIR, and HPLC to determine the polymorphic changes in the candesartan cilexetil. It was also evaluated to see whether there is any change in the release of the candesartan cilexetil. Results: Evaluating the final formulation of the...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of acetone extract of Manilkara zapota L. seeds. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out with the solvents of different polarities and among them acetone extract was selected for further studies. The antioxidant activity of the acetone extract was evaluated by seven different in vitro methods namely: DPPH, FTC, TBA, Metal chelation assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdenum assay, FRAP. Among them, the acetone extract showed good DPPH radical scavenging activity; IC50 value 380 μg /ml and was compared to the standard α-tocopherol. The amount of lipid peroxidation was high in initial stages when compared to the later stages when assessed using FTC and TBA assay. The seed extract did not show good hydroxyl radical scavenging activity when compared to the other antioxidant evaluation techniques. In conclusion, the results presented here imply that Manilkara zapota seeds could be considered as nutraceutical/functional...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
N- nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a chemical carcinogen widely used to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Food stuffs such as milk and meat products, salted fish, alcoholic beverages and a few varieties of vegetables are the principal sources of nitroso compounds. NDEA has been suggested to cause oxidative stress and cellular injury due to the enhanced formation of free radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of the methanolic extract of Leucas aspera (MELA) against NDEA induced subacute liver injury in male Wistar rats. NDEA was administered for 4 weeks. MELA at 100 and 200mg doses and standard drug; silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight were administered one week before the onset of NDEA intoxication and continued for 4 weeks. Significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and total protein were observed in the drug treated groups. Rats intoxicated with NDEA showed elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) and tissue lipid peroxides (TBARS &...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2014 in |
The main objective of this work is to study the stereostructures and biological activity of some highly substituted cyclohexenes, cyclohexanols and the intermediates there in. In order to get the desired cyclohexenes, the synthesis of cyclohexanols 2,4-bis(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-and 2,4-bis(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,3,5-tris(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclohexan-1-ols (1b and 2b) from 4’- chloro-4-methoxy- and 4,4’- dichlorochalcones(1 and 2) via 1,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)- and 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorophenyl)-pentan-1,5-diones(1a and 2a ) using p-chloroacetophenone in the presence of sodium hydroxide(molar ratio, 2:1:10) is first described. These are then dehydrated with p-TsOH which afford typical cyclohexenes, 4,6-bis(4-chlorobenzoyl) -1- (4-chlorophenyl) – 3,5 –bis (4-methoxyphenyl) and 4,6 –bis(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,3,5 –tris (4-chlorophenyl) –cyclohex-1-enes (1c) and (2c) in quantitative yields containing β,γ-unconjugated double bond following stereoselective syn elimination. Also, in an attempt to synthesize dithiazolidin-4-one (3), the reaction of 1, 5-dione (1a) with mercapto acetic acid and ammonium carbonate is adopted. However, it fails to produce (3) and only a pyridine derivative, 2, 6-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyridine (4) is obtained.in 87% yield. Structural assignment, stereochemistry and biological assays are discussed. The characterization is done by modern spectroscopic...
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