Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepato-protective activity of methanol extract of seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG)in CCl4 induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Seeds of TFG were collected, and subjected to continuous cold maceration in a macerator, for 72 h with solvents like petroleum ether (60 – 80) and methanol separately. Hepatic injury in rats was induced separately by administration of equal mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (50% v/v, 1.25 ml/kg, i.p.). Liver damaged was monitored by raised biochemical marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase). CCl4 was administered twice a week, on every first and fourth day of all 14 days. The extract at the dose of 250 mg/kg b. wt. was evaluated by inducing hepatotoxicity with CCl4 and using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as the reference standard. Biochemical parameters like, SGOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin level were analysed. A section of liver was subjected to histopathological studies. Based on the above studies, it is reported that the methanol extract of TFG possess significant...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate a sustained release gastroretentive dosage form. A mucoadhesive bilayered film was prepared consisting of an Immediate Release (IR) and a Controlled Release (CR) layer. The film is folded into a Hard Gelatin Capsule which after administration into GIT unfolds and adheres to the GI mucosa. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an antibiotic of BCS Class IV. Thus by retaining the drug in the gastric region its absorption is enhanced. Hence it is taken as the model drug. Different polymers like HPMC, EC and Carbopol were used for the film preparation and the mucoadhesive property was evaluated which showed that Presence of Carbopol increases the films mucoadhesive property. The in vitro drug release, bio-adhesion and mechanical property of the batches were evaluated to get the best batch. The optimization study of the film was carried out applying 32 factorial design. The final batch is subjected to In vivo gastroretention test on rabbits which showed a gastric adherence for...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
A simple, sensitive, linear, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Hydralazine, Isosorbide dinitrate in bulk and tablet formulation was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation of the three drugs was achieved on Zodiac C18 (250 mm ´ 4.6 mm) 5µ column in an isocratic mode. The mobile phase consisting of 0.01M 0.01 M Ammonium acetate : Acetonitrile : Methanol in the ratio of 50:30:20 v/v and pH adjusted to 3 using ortho phosphoric acid was delivered at a flow rate of 1ml/ min and effluents were monitored at 270 nm. The retention time of Hydralazine, Isosorbide Dinitrate was found to be 2.337 and 3.413 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.994 for HYD , and 0.997 for ISD over the concentration range of 45-105µg/ml for HYD, and 24-56 µg/ml for ISD and precise with (%RSD<2). The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines and can be employed for routine quality control...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Tuberose flower extracts were obtained by green technology of Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and solvent extractions (using n-hexane and petroleum ether of b.p. 60-80 °C). Antimicrobial activities of these extracts were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae and Candida albicans. No activity was found against H. pylori and V. cholerae. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were established by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against the remaining test microorganisms. The SC-CO2 and solvent extracts showed potency against all test microorganisms. SC-CO2 extract obtained at 40 °C, 100 bar pressure, 135 min extraction time, and n-hexane extract showed most promising results, among all the extracts. However, considering the global need for green extracts for therapeutic applications, SC-CO2 extraction is the recommended technique for extracting antimicrobials from tuberose flowers. The chemical constituents conferring antimicrobial potencies to the extracts were also identified by GC/MS...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Patients experiencing adverse effects are less likely than those not experiencing it to adhere to treatment. However little is known about the adverse drug reactions to many HIV programme in developing countries, indicating the need for Antiretroviral (ART) safety surveillance. The study is a retrospective analysis of records of adverse reactions by patients initiated on ART. A total of 1870 patients initiated ART between February 2008 and May 2012. 1386 patients had clinical visits during the one year study period. A total of 95 (6.9%) reported 113 suspected Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). The incidence rate of ADR in this study was 8/ 100 persons- year and skin rash (21.2%) was the most reported, followed by nausea/ vomiting (16.8%). Skin rash was associated with Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine combination OR= 5.35 (1.55- 20.24) and P value of 0.0045. Over 70% of reported ADRs occurred within 6 months after commencement of ARV. Gender was not associated with ADR occurrence OR= 1.09(0.7-1.69),P value= 0.77. ADRs were higher in Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine combination. There is need for active...
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