Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
We report here the optimization of an oxidative Michael addition protocol for the synthesis of highly functionalized, biologically relevant benzofurans on gram scale. Rigorous screening of reaction conditions including solvent, atmosphere, base and incubation time, and development of a straight forward precipitation step afforded benzofurans in greater than 95% purity for direct use in biological...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
Furosemide is a potent and commonly used loop diuretic. It is absorbed largely in the stomach and upper small intestine. This narrow absorption window results in its low (average of 50%) and variable (10-100%) bioavailability from conventional dosage forms. The objective of the present study was to develop an optimized controlled release floating microspheres of furosemide capable of floating on the gastric fluid and delivering the drug over a period of 12 h. The floating microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Preliminary studies were conducted and, drug loading and EC/HPMC ratio were identified as the most important factors affecting the desired response variables: drug release rate and buoyancy. The effects of drug loading and EC/HPMC ratio were further studied and optimized. Simultaneous optimization of buoyancy and release rate was performed using central composite design and the most desirable optimal point was obtained at release rate of 27 h-1/2 and buoyancy of 58.45%, with corresponding levels of 344 mg furosemide and 4.84 EC/HPMC ratio. Evaluation of the optimized formulation...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
In the present study, Vigna mungo (blackgram) have been used to investigate bioactive compounds through soxhlet extraction. The obtained methanol extract was evaluated for antimicrobial activity by Kirby-Bauer method against bacterial strains (Enterococci sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aueres)and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans) on Muller Hinton agar medium and potato dextrose agar medium respectively. The blackgram was analyzed for the presence of proteins through SDS-PAGE and compared with the BSA (66KDa) and Lysine (18KDa) protein markers. The sensitivity of the obtained methanol extract against pathogenic microorganisms was studied with the combined effect of commercially available antibiotics which resulted in good and enhanced antimicrobial effect. The methanol extract of blackgram was also analyzed for bioactive compounds through gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS spectrum revealed bioactive compound with molecular weight of 297.3268 (Heptadecanoic acid, 9-methyl, methyl ester). The active constituents of Vigna mungo was identified through mass spectroscopy analysis act as potential compound for effective antimicrobial and pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
ABSTRACT: The effect of the phytic acid on starch digestibility was studied in vitro. Starch digestibility was found to correlate negatively with the phytic acid content of the food tested.When sodium phytate was added (equivalent to 2% of phytic acid based on the starch portion), it was noticed that the rate of Viciafabastarch digestion by human saliva and at human body temperature (37°C) was decreased by 13%, while the rate of digestion of white wheat bread decreased by 20%. Furthermore, it was observed that mixing phytic acid with human saliva before adding the former to starch and following a pH adjustment reduced the rate of starch digestion by 6% when compared to mixing phytic acid with starch first and then adding human saliva to...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
ABSTRACT: Stress exerts detrimental effects on several cellular functions through impairment of antioxidant defences, leading to oxidative damage and onset of many cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The restraint stress or immobilization stress is widely accepted model to induce emotional stress and the deleterious effect of restraint stress on the biological system is well documented. The precise molecular and cellular events induced by restraint stress needs to be evaluated. Aim: To determine the effect of sub-acute restraint stress on antioxidant status in rats. Methodology: Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing about 180-200g were taken for the study and was divided into two groups – Control group (n=6) and Sub-acute restraint stress group (n=6). Restraint stress were given in wire mesh restrainers for 15 days (6 hrs/ day), the blood from the jugular vein was collected for estimation of antioxidant status (SOD, GPx, CAT, Vit C and Vit E) in rats. Results: After 15 days of restraint stress, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in LPO in restraint stress when compared...
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