Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Aim: To evaluate safety and efficacy of diclofenac 75 mg/1ml (Dynapar AQ) administered as IV bolus versus diclofenac 75mg/3ml administered as IV infusion in patients with postoperative pain. Methods: 350 postoperative adult patientswere randomized to receive either treatment. Primary efficacy endpoints were time to onset of analgesia and postoperative pain intensity while secondary efficacy endpoints included degree of pain relief and global assessment by patient and investigator. The safety endpoints were pain intensity and grade of thrombophlebitis at injection site. Safety and efficacy endpoints were evaluated over 12 hour study period. Results: Both study drugs were safe and effective throughout study period. However, IV bolus route of Dynapar AQ produced significantly faster onset of analgesia, better improvement in postoperative pain intensity and pain relief upto 1 hour, lesser thrombophlebitis and lesser pain at administration site upto 8 hours. Also, global assessment by patient and investigator was significantly favorable towards Dynapar AQ. Conclusions: IV bolus route of Dynapar AQ is better alternative to IV infusion of diclofenac 75mg/3ml with rapid...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The purpose of this study is to prepare a bilayer gastro retentive tablet of Propranolol HCl using direct compression technology and optimize the type and concentration of polymer to give maximum retentive effect with good drug release profile. Propranolol hydrochloride, a nonselective β-adrenergic blocker having short half-life (3-4 hr)and first pass metabolism favors for sustained release dosage form. In this study, a bilayer tablet was prepared which contains an immediate release portion and a floating layer. Gaur gum, Pectin were used as gel forming agents either alone or in combination, Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as gas generating agent, superdisintegrant sodium starch glycolate for the fast release layer. The formulations gave an initial burst effect to provide the loading dose of the drug followed by sustained release for 14 h from the sustaining layer of tablets. The bilayer tablets were characterized by lag time, floating time, weight variation, drug content and dissolution profile. Best Formulation BFT1 [Gaur gum-Pectin (2:1)] shows lag time of 8.0min, floating time of 14 h...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The aim of this study was to prepare buffered tablets of acid labile drug, Pantoprazole sodium for oral administration using buffering agents to protect a drug from gastric fluid. Its mechanism of action was inhibition of H+/K+-adenosine triphosphate, an enzyme present in the gastric parietal cells. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The formulations contain sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate as buffering agents and crospovidone as superdisintegrant. The formulation were prepared, optimized and evaluated by 32 factorial design. In this design independent variables were sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, cross povidone and dependent variables were pH and disintegration time. The tablets were evaluated for friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution and drug content. The formulation F6 was selected by factorial design it was selected due to results as this formulation maintain neutral pH of stomach and drug release simultaneously within 50 seconds after...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The aim of this paper is to study the employee turnover ratio in an Indian pharmaceutical company in India. Primary data were collected from 50 employees of two pharmaceutical companies using questionnaire methods. The questionnaire data was grouped to produce a concise representation of the human resource turnover retention using hierarchical clustering (HC) technique. The results of HC have grouped the numerical questionnaire data into two groups named as push and pull factors. It is observed that the mean of the pull factors was higher owing to higher turnover intention of the employees. Hence, it is recommended to the organization to include these factors to be part of the organization business strategy rather than being left to HR managers to act in order to reduce the employee exits from the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Premna integrifolia Linn. roots are used in the Indian system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, liver disorders etc. The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Premna integrifolia L. (Family: Verbenaceae) in CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) induced oxidative stress in Sprague- Dawley rats. CCl4 injection induced oxidative stress by a significant rise in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GRD). Pretreatment of rats with different doses of aqueous and methanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly lowered TBARS levels in CCl4 treated rats. GSH and hepatic enzymes like SOD, CAT, GRD, and GST were significantly increased by treatment with the plant extracts, as compared to the CCl4 treated rats. The activity of the extracts at the dose of 500 mg/kg was comparable to the standard drug, silymarin (25mg/kg). The results showed that Premna integrifolia extracts protect liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl4 in...
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