Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Inflammation and pain have all been successfully treated using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Today’s nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are typically taken with restriction due to the gastric intolerance they create. The prodrug approach is quite effective in reducing the side effects caused by NSAIDs. Many nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecules have been modified in several ways so that they can be less hazardous to the stomach. Using the mutual prodrug concept, the side effects can be minimized by covalently bonding the NSAIDs to the second pharmacologically active carrier. The goal of the current study is to use the coupling approach to create mutual ester prodrugs of NSAIDs (MS and MP) in order to overcome the troubles, they cause, like gastrointestinal toxicity, ulcerogenic side effects, etc. The prodrugs were made by using a better reagent, EDAC 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, because it outperformed DCC (N, N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) as a coupling agent. The physiochemical properties were determined, and the structures of the synthesized prodrugs were confirmed and analyzed by UV, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR Spectroscopy and...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Introduction: Balance is an integral component of daily (functional) activities. It is very sensitive, complex and multifactorial. It is the ability to maintain the projection of the body’s centre of mass within manageable limits of the base of support, as in the standing or sitting or in transit to a new base of support, as in walking pattern (1). In old age ability to maintain balance is low and fall is frequent. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of balance training over old age individuals. Inclusion Criteria: Age > 65 years, no gender difference, independent ambulation and activity of daily living. Exclusion Criteria: Chest pain, cancer, amputation, cognitive impairments, neurological condition, fractures. Methods and Procedure: This study was conducted among 50 elderly people. It is randomized control trial, allocated into 2 groups as follow; experimental group and control group. Intervention was given to the subjects 3 times per weeks in 8 weeks. Subjects were assessed before and after. Control group activity included either usual activities or recreational activities. All participants...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Carbamazepine (CBZ) has long been a therapeutic option for bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine used for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. In the present study bilayer tablet was developed to improve dosing convenience and decrease daily fluctuations in serum CBZ concentration, thereby lowering the incidence of adverse events. In bilayer tablet one layer provided the loading dose by immediate drug release and another layer provided maintenance dose up to 12 hrs by sustained release. The drug excipient compatibility study was carried out by FTIR and DSC techniques, there was no interaction found. Cross povidone was used as superdisintegrant in immediate release layer and controlled release fraction was formulated by using HPMC K 100 polymer. The prepared granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density and compressibility index which showed satisfactory result. The prepared bilayer tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability and in-vitro release studies. In-vitro dissolution study was carried out for 12 hours using USP dissolution apparatus I using...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Background: Perception of pain and sleep disturbances are more prevalent in patients undergoing Dialysis. Assessing and determining the pain intensity and sleep disturbances help to establish the need for treatment, which is an important part of therapeutic intervention as they may affect the patient’s Quality of life (QOL). This study was aimed to assess pain intensity and sleep disturbances in patients undergoing Hemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). Methodology: This cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology. 89 patients (49 HD and 40 PD) were enrolled into the study that were undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and were assessed for the pain intensity and sleep disturbances using McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) respectively. Results: 67.34% of HD patients and 77.5% of PD patients experienced moderate to severe chronic pain. Female patients aged above 40 years and elderly patients experienced more pain compared to other groups and pain was also observed increasing with the duration of dialysis. 57.14% of HD patients...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Caffeine anhydrous is used as a stimulant to improve individual alertness and mental focus due to its ability of inhibiting the function of phosphodiesterase enzyme in the cells. Recent studies also discovered where caffeine reduced the risk of Parkinson’s disease by its inhibitory action on adenosine receptor. With the aim of masking the bitter taste of caffeine, increasing the compliance and convenience in elderly patients, and achieving better therapeutic purpose, the orally dissolving films (ODFs) were developed in this research. Six formulation of caffeine ODFs (CA1-CA6) with increasing caffeine concentrations, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% w/v; were prepared by solvent casting method. All of the caffeine ODFs, CA1-CA5 (except CA6), exhibit good film forming capacity and were peelable. The in-vitro disintegration time for CA1-CA5 were in the range of United States Pharmacopoeia’s (USP) criteria (5-30s) and their surface pH is ~7, which suggested administration of ODF is not expected to cause irritation and...
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