Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2013 in |
Overlapping genes are pairs of adjacent genes whose coding regions are partially or entirely overlapping. Overlapping genes in prokaryotes are a means to minimize genome size and increase the density of genetic information. Overlapping genes play an important role in genome reduction of Mycoplasmas during the course of their degenerative evolution. In this study overlapping genes in the genomes of two obligatory human parasites, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma penetrans were extracted and systematically analyzed. Overlapping genes were classified into different categories based on their direction of transcription. Gene pairs that occur as overlapping in both the genomes, gene pairs that occur as overlapping in one genome but are split in the other genome were separated out and more closely analysed. The study revealed that most of the overlapping genes in these genomes are formed due to loss of a stop codon or frame shift. The present study also emphasizes the significance of overlapping genes in the evolution of these...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2013 in |
The degradation pathway of sitagliptin in bulk and tablet has been investigated during stress study. Major degradation products were isolated in pure form and characterized using mass and NMR spectroscopy. Three previously unreported impurities were found to be, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-6, 7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazin-8(5H)-one, (2E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5, 6-dihydro[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-4-(2, 4, 5-trifluorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one and (3E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-4-(2, 4, 5-trifluorophenyl)but-3-en-1-one. Further, a stability-indicating reverse phase HPLC assay method was developed on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (3X150mm, 2.7µ) column using mobile phase consisting of 5mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile with gradient elution in presence of spiked degradation products and impurity. The flow rate was 0.5ml/min and detection was at 210nm. The method was found to be linear over 10µg-500µg/ml (r2>0.999). The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and found to be stability...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2013 in |
The present investigation deals with development of fast dissolving tablets of Domperidone to produce the intended benefits. Domperidone is an antiemetic and a prokinetic medicine. Domperidone is water insoluble drug with problems of variable bioavailability and bio-inequivalence. As precision of dosing and patient’s compliance become important prerequisite for quick relief from emesis, there is a need to develop a formulation for this drug which overcomes problems such as difficulty in swallowing, inconvenience in administration while traveling and better compliance. Hence, the present research work was held to develop a fast dissolving tablet of domperidone using Plantago ovata mucilage as a natural super disintegrant. The tablets were prepared by Direct Compression using microcrystalline cellulose as a directly compressible vehicle. Tablets were evaluated for their physicochemical properties and In-vitro dissolution study. The evaluation studies were performed such as Weight Variation, Thickness, Hardness, Disintegrating Time, Wetting Time, and In-vitro Drug release study. The Disintegration time of Fast Dissolving tablets were increased by the addition of concentration of Super...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2013 in |
The aim of this study was to develop a fast releasing oral polymeric thin film, prepared by solvent casting method, with good mechanical properties, instant disintegration and dissolution. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, an antihistamine drug belonging to BCS class I was used for oral thin film preparation. The formulations from the preliminary trial were analyzed which was applied to optimize the type of polymers (Gelatin and HPMC E15), concentration of polymers, plasticizer (Glycerol, Propylene Glycol, PEG 400), surfactant (TWEEN 80) and sweetener (Mannitol).The resultant films were evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, drug content, Surface pH, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dissolution studies .Oral thin films which were prepared with surfactant showed better results i.e., good disintegrating and dissolution properties than without surfactant. The optimized film disintegrated in less than 30s, releasing more than 90% of drug within...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2013 in |
Plants have been used as a source of natural products for various therapeutic processes from a long time. The proposed work illustrates the study of the importance of natural products in terms in-vitro approaches. On account of this study the phytochemical constituents of various extracts of Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) are evaluated. The plant was traditionally known for its wound healing activities. Crude plant extract was prepared by percolation method using a Soxhlet apparatus. The solvents used were Hexane, Chloroform, Acetone and Ethanol .The in-vitro antioxidant capacity was analysed through DPPH and reducing power assays. Anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts from the whole plant are analyzed through human RBC membrane stabilisation method. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were more for the ethanolic extracts of Hemigraphis colorata when compared to acetone, chloroform and hexane extracts.The in-vitro cytotoxicity analysis of ethanolic extract was also carried out in the present study using trypan blue...
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