Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
The importance of medicinal plant has been emphasized from time to time. It is believed that the drug of natural origin shall play an important role in health care particularly in rural areas of India. Ziziphus mauritiana belongs to family Rhamnaceae and commonly known as Indian jujube or ber .The leaves are alternate and elliptic. Flowers are small and bisexual .The leaves are about 2.5 – 3.2 cm long. Commercially it is cultivated in China & India. Ziziphus mauritiana is small to medium sized spiny tree. Ziziphus mauritiana contains fructose, galactose, malonic acid, malic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and vanillic acid .The antioxidant activities of the plant extract and pure compounds were assessed by Reduction of NBT (Nitro Blue Terazolium) and Nitric Oxide Radical Inhibition activity method. The five successive extract (benzene, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extract) of Ziziphus mauritiana Leaves and one standard (Ascorbic acid) were tested for in-vitro antioxidant activity. The result was expressed as IC50 values and percentage inhibition at different...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Background: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing global problem. The extent and burden of MDR-TB varies significantly from country to country. Survival of MDR-TB treatment is not described in Ethiopia. Therefore, examining a cohort who received second-line therapy for MDR-TB to determine overall survival has a great importance. Objectives: To assess survival and predictors of mortality among patients under MDR-TB treatment in Ethiopia: St Peter’s specialized TB Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted from Oct, 2011 – May, 2012 among cohorts of MDR-TB patients in St. Peter’s specialized TB hospital that starts treatment from February 2009. Data were collected using checklist from 188 patients’ record that is determined and analyzed using the STATA Statistical package, Version 11.0. Risk was estimated for the entire follow-up time corresponding to each event occurrence using Kaplan-Meier method and the covariates are fitted to Cox proportional hazard regression model. Result: The 188 patients were followed for a total of 79,600 person-days. Median follow up time was 466.5 days...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among people attending ART clinics in Tigray, Ethiopia. Method: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending ART clinics for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Adigrat, Mekelle and Maichew Hospitals in Tigray region. Sample size was calculated using Epi info statcalc and 269 PLWHA were included in the study. The patients were interviewed by psychiatric nurses using the 21 item Hamilton’s depression scale Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19.0). Levels of depression were calculated among various subgroups of patients, according to the Hamilton’s depression scale questionnaire. The possible associations of the presence and severity of depression with socio-demographic variables was explored using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. Specifically, the odds square and logistic regression was used in the exploration of associations; ethical clearance was obtained from Mekelle University College of health sciences. Result: Out of 269 total participants, 142(52%) were females, 213...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
The aim of this study was to develop a pH responsive enteric coated extended release pellets containing a model drug flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for rheumatoid arthritis. The drug loaded pellets were prepared by using extrusion/ spheronization method. Core pellets were coated with polymer Eudragit RS30D in a coating pan to achieve a sustainable release for 12 hours. A ph responsive barrier coat of Eudragit L 100-55 was employed in a coating pan for abstaining release in acidic media. The drug excipient mixtures were subjected to pre-formulation studies. The pellets were subjected to physicochemical studies, in-vitro drug release, Kinetic studies and stability studies. FTIR studies shown there was no interaction between drug and polymers. The physicochemical properties of pellets were found within the limits. The drug release from the optimized formulations was extended for a period of 12 hrs i.e. first 2 hrs no drug release was observed and gradually drug release was increased up to 12 hrs. From the above results, achievement of site specific release...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Objective: Dental caries is a common oral infection prevalent in developing countries. Streptococcus mutans, a commensal bacterium of the oral cavity, plays a major role in the etiology of caries and root canal infection. Sodium hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine are used in the prevention of caries and as root canal medicament though they cannot be used in combination. Study Design: Different concentrations of passion fruit pulp extract were evaluated to measure the most effective way against Streptococcus mutans. For this bacterial inhibition zones were measured for each concentration in millimeter and compared. Results: The most effective concentration of passion fruit pulp extract was 40% to 45% against Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: The present study aimed to evaluate alternative, inexpensive, good in taste, simple and effective method for sanitization of tooth cavity as well as root canal system. The antimicrobial efficacy of passion fruit pulp extract as irrigant and cavity disinfectant is evaluated and compared with the standard irrigant sodium...
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