Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Background: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing global problem. The extent and burden of MDR-TB varies significantly from country to country. Survival of MDR-TB treatment is not described in Ethiopia. Therefore, examining a cohort who received second-line therapy for MDR-TB to determine overall survival has a great importance. Objectives: To assess survival and predictors of mortality among patients under MDR-TB treatment in Ethiopia: St Peter’s specialized TB Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted from Oct, 2011 – May, 2012 among cohorts of MDR-TB patients in St. Peter’s specialized TB hospital that starts treatment from February 2009. Data were collected using checklist from 188 patients’ record that is determined and analyzed using the STATA Statistical package, Version 11.0. Risk was estimated for the entire follow-up time corresponding to each event occurrence using Kaplan-Meier method and the covariates are fitted to Cox proportional hazard regression model. Result: The 188 patients were followed for a total of 79,600 person-days. Median follow up time was 466.5 days...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among people attending ART clinics in Tigray, Ethiopia. Method: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending ART clinics for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Adigrat, Mekelle and Maichew Hospitals in Tigray region. Sample size was calculated using Epi info statcalc and 269 PLWHA were included in the study. The patients were interviewed by psychiatric nurses using the 21 item Hamilton’s depression scale Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19.0). Levels of depression were calculated among various subgroups of patients, according to the Hamilton’s depression scale questionnaire. The possible associations of the presence and severity of depression with socio-demographic variables was explored using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. Specifically, the odds square and logistic regression was used in the exploration of associations; ethical clearance was obtained from Mekelle University College of health sciences. Result: Out of 269 total participants, 142(52%) were females, 213...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
The aim of this study was to develop a pH responsive enteric coated extended release pellets containing a model drug flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for rheumatoid arthritis. The drug loaded pellets were prepared by using extrusion/ spheronization method. Core pellets were coated with polymer Eudragit RS30D in a coating pan to achieve a sustainable release for 12 hours. A ph responsive barrier coat of Eudragit L 100-55 was employed in a coating pan for abstaining release in acidic media. The drug excipient mixtures were subjected to pre-formulation studies. The pellets were subjected to physicochemical studies, in-vitro drug release, Kinetic studies and stability studies. FTIR studies shown there was no interaction between drug and polymers. The physicochemical properties of pellets were found within the limits. The drug release from the optimized formulations was extended for a period of 12 hrs i.e. first 2 hrs no drug release was observed and gradually drug release was increased up to 12 hrs. From the above results, achievement of site specific release...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Objective: Dental caries is a common oral infection prevalent in developing countries. Streptococcus mutans, a commensal bacterium of the oral cavity, plays a major role in the etiology of caries and root canal infection. Sodium hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine are used in the prevention of caries and as root canal medicament though they cannot be used in combination. Study Design: Different concentrations of passion fruit pulp extract were evaluated to measure the most effective way against Streptococcus mutans. For this bacterial inhibition zones were measured for each concentration in millimeter and compared. Results: The most effective concentration of passion fruit pulp extract was 40% to 45% against Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: The present study aimed to evaluate alternative, inexpensive, good in taste, simple and effective method for sanitization of tooth cavity as well as root canal system. The antimicrobial efficacy of passion fruit pulp extract as irrigant and cavity disinfectant is evaluated and compared with the standard irrigant sodium...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Plant is one of the important source of drugs that’s why we have done this project work to find out some biological activities of the plant exudates of Calotropis gigantea where antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity were analyzed. To test of antimicrobial activity, disc diffusion method has been followed. The exudate of the plant has shown antimicrobial activity against four microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (15mm), Vibrio mimicus (15mm), Vibrio parahemolytics (15mm)and Staphylococcus aureus (9mm). The exudates of the plant has shown cytotoxic activity which was done by following the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method. The result of the test has demonstrated good cytotoxic activity against Brine Shrimp Nauplii with a LC50 value of 12.66 µg ∕ml. The exudate of the plant has demonstrated good antioxidant activity with a LC50 value of 3.301 µg ∕ml..So from the project we can say that further investigation should be carried out to get the active...
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