Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Background: Rational drug use is a tool through which safe, effective and economic medication is provided. Rational prescribing ensures adherence to treatment and protects drug consumers from unnecessary adverse drug reactions. Rational dispensing on the other hand, promotes the safe, effective and economic use of drugs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess drug use practices and completeness of information on prescriptions in Gondar University Hospital. Methodology: A combination of retrospective and cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient pharmacy in the facility. Of the total of 30,000, some 1145 prescriptions containing drugs prescribed during the month of May 1, 2010 to April 30, 2011 were reviewed for retrospective and 31 patients coming with their prescriptions to outpatient pharmacy were interviewed in the middle of the week on the day of January 25, 2012. Results: The mean number of drugs per prescriptions was 1.76, percentage of prescriptions containing < 2 drugs per prescription was 80.87%. The generic name of the medication was used in 99.16 % of...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The research work was conducted with the fruits of Terminalia belerica (Fam: Combretaceae) to investigate antibacterial & antifungal activities. The fruits of the plant were successively extracted by cold extraction process by using two solvents namely ethanol and acetone. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of both solvents were investigated by a simple agar diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. The extracts of ethanol showed moderate activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria except Bacillus subtilis. Again acetone extracts showed moderate activity against Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. All the activities were determined by measuring the zone of inhibition compared with the standard antibiotic (Amoxicillin). Antifungal screening was done for the ethanol and acetone extracts by disk diffusion method with ten pathogenic fungi. Both the extracts showed moderate activity against Colletotrichum corcori, Fusarium equiseti and Candida albicans. In this case, Griseofulvin was used as standard...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Diclofenac Potassium, a sparingly soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was taken as candidate for decreasing the onset of action time and increasing its bioavailability by overcoming its first pass metabolism. Diclofenac Potassium orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations were developed using lyophilization technique. The freeze dried tablet formulations were prepared by freeze-drying an aqueous solution of Diclofenac Potassium, matrix former, filler, and an anti-collapse. The tablets were evaluated from both compendial and non-compendial criteria (i.e. uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, friability, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dissolution, wetting time, in vivo disintegration time, moisture analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The best formula results showed that lyophilized ODT disintegrated within few seconds and showed significantly faster in-vitro dissolution rate of Diclofenac Potassium in comparison with commercially available immediate release tablet Diclofenac Potassium tablet (Cataflam®). The in-vivo evaluation for the best formulation (LD#11) was performed in comparison with the immediate release tablet Diclofenac Potassium tablet (Cataflam® 50 mg). A randomized crossover design was adopted in the comparative bioavailability study and was...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The antimicrobial activity as well as phytochemical screening of the hexane, acetone, methanol and water extracts of Clematis brachiata Thunb (Ranunculaceae) leaves was investigated. The agar dilution assay method was used for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of extracts against 10 bacteria and four fungal species. The phytochemical screenings were performed by using the standard procedures. The acetone and methanol extracts were active against the 10 bacteria strains with MIC ranging between 1.0 and 3.0 mg/ml, whereas the water extract was only active against two Gram-negative bacterial strains at 10.0 mg/ml. There was no activity from the hexane extract. While there was complete growth inhibition by the acetone and methanol extracts against all the fungal species at 10 mg/ml, the hexane extract was active against all the fungal species except Candida albicans at 10 mg/ml. In contrast, the water extract did not show any activity against the fungal species. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosidic compounds and could be responsible for...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Purpose: We evaluate the chronic consumption of koutoukou (KTK) on the weight and organs (liver, heart and kidney) of treated rats. Methods: This study was focused on animals divided into four (4) and by sex. One of the groups being used as control receives distilled water as drinking water; the three other groups receive KTK in their drinking water at a rate of 5 %, 10 % and 12 % for 90 days. At the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed and organs (liver, heart and kidney) were collected and weighted. Results: This study showed that the chronic and moderate consumption of koutoukou caused weight loss in female rats and an increase of organs (liver, heart and kidney) weight in proportion to alcoholometric. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that a chronic and moderate consumption of koutoukou affects organs (liver, heart and kidney) in female rats. The consumption of this drink for the latter is associated to body mass index negative in female...
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