Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Background: Death related to unintended pregnancy associated events is a series public health concern in Ethiopia. This is very common in young adolescents for whom life is full of adventure and temptation with very little knowledge about the consequences of their reckless activities. Emergency contraceptives are the only method that can be used within short time after sexual intercourse, offering a second chance to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptives among female college students at Mekelle town, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 616 female college students at Mekelle town from March to July, 2011. Multistage sampling technique with Probabilities proportional to size was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS window version 16.0 software package and presented using frequencies, percentages. Crude & adjusted odds ratio were used to control the possible confounding variables. Results: Of the total respondents, 393(67.3%) of them replied that they have heard about emergency contraceptives. Among those who have ever heard of emergency...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
The study was undertaken to find out the pharmacokinetic drug interaction of verapamil on pioglitazone in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats following single and multiple dose treatment. Human oral therapeutic doses of pioglitazone and verapamil were extrapolated to rats based on their body surface area. The serum pioglitazone concentrations were estimated by a sensitive reverse phase – high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. In single and multiple dose study, verapamil significantly increased the pioglitazone exposure (AUC, Cmax) and decreased its elimination by prolongation of t1/2 and mean residence time (MRT) with a relative decrease in clearance (CL). The effect is more significant in diabetic rats. In the present study a pharmacokinetic interaction between verapamil and pioglitazone was observed. The possible interaction may involve both P-glycoprotein and CYP enzymes. Investigating this type of interactions pre-clinically is helpful to avoid drug-drug interactions in actual clinical...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Protein drug delivery has emerged to be an important area of research in the field of novel drug delivery technology. The objective of the study was to prepare poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug and to evaluate the various physicochemical characteristics of the formulations, namely morphology, particle size, FTIR, DSC, BSA encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro BSA release profile. BSA-loaded microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method with different BSA: PLGA ratios and at different speeds of homogenization keeping the amount of BSA constant in all the formulations. Out of those 1:10 was selected as a optimized (drug: polymer) for BSA loaded PLGA microspheres, there after internal parameters like volume of inner aqueous phase(2ml), volume of DCM(10ml), concentration of polymer (9.09%),speed of homogenization, were selected as a optimized formulation parameters. Accelerated stability testing was performed with the optimized formulations for a period of eight weeks. The mean particle size and encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres were found to decrease as ...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
The purpose of study was to develop and characterize once daily extended release matrix tablets of Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic drug. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Methocel K15M CR and Methocel K100LV CR polymers were used as rate retarding agents in fourteen formulations. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity, drug content etc. and showed satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications for tested parameters. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 24 hour in distilled water as the dissolution medium. The release mechanisms were explored and explained by Zero order, Higuchi, First order, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell equations. Primarily nine formulations were prepared by using three variable ratios of the two polymers, with 1% sodium lauryl sulphate. The optimized formulations F-5, F-6 and F-9 were further studied to...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Background: Cosmetics are articles applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering appearance. In the last few years, the consumption of cosmetics has touched new heights and the curve is shooting upwards. Along with this, cosmetics are causing alarming adverse reactions to consumers and hence studying their utilization pattern and impact besides beautifying would be important. Objective: To assess cosmetics utilization pattern and common cosmetics related adverse reactions among Mekelle University female students. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on cosmetics utilization pattern and related adverse reactions, among Mekelle University female students, from April to June, 2009. The study participants were selected by stratified and then systematic sampling technique from all colleges and campuses of the university. Data were collected by using self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire through trained pharmacists. Epi info 3.5.1 and SPSS version 12 for windows program were used for the data entery and analysis, respectively. Result: The study showed that 710 (97.8%) of the participants had a habit of using cosmetics. The...
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