Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
A simple, reproducible and efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for quantitative determination of azithromycin in drug substance. The separations were carried out on a Xterra C18 column (150 ×4.6 mm; 5µ) with UV detection at 215 nm. The mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 7.5) in a ratio of 50:50 v/v. The injection volume was 50 µl and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The linear dynamic response was found to be in the concentration range of 300µg-700 µg/mL and coefficient of correlation was found to be 0.998. The %RSD value was below 2.0 for intraday and interday precision indicated that the method was highly precise. The percentage recovery value was higher than 100 %, indicating the accuracy of the method and absence of interference of the excipients present in the tablet formulation. The proposed method was simple, economic, accurate, precise and reproducible and hence can be applied for routine quality control analysis of azithromycin in bulk and...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The objective of the study was to compare the bioavailability of a single oral 100 mg dose of two brands of phenytoin sodium formulations available in the Nepalese market. Formulation B was taken as test drug and compared with the innovator brand which was taken as reference standard. A randomized, two-way crossover study was done in six healthy adult male rabbits. All six rabbits received a single oral 100 mg dose of both the formulations with a two-week washout period between the formulations. Blood samples for plasma phenytoin levels were collected at 0.25, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24 hours. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two brands of phenytoin sodium calculated were area under the concentration versus time curve from time zero to 24 hours (AUC 0–24), Area under the Curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞), peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and time of peak concentration (tmax). Formulation B failed to comply in terms of Area under the Curve (AUC), an important pharmacokinetic parameter to test...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Background: Rational drug use is a tool through which safe, effective and economic medication is provided. Rational prescribing ensures adherence to treatment and protects drug consumers from unnecessary adverse drug reactions. Rational dispensing on the other hand, promotes the safe, effective and economic use of drugs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess drug use practices and completeness of information on prescriptions in Gondar University Hospital. Methodology: A combination of retrospective and cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient pharmacy in the facility. Of the total of 30,000, some 1145 prescriptions containing drugs prescribed during the month of May 1, 2010 to April 30, 2011 were reviewed for retrospective and 31 patients coming with their prescriptions to outpatient pharmacy were interviewed in the middle of the week on the day of January 25, 2012. Results: The mean number of drugs per prescriptions was 1.76, percentage of prescriptions containing < 2 drugs per prescription was 80.87%. The generic name of the medication was used in 99.16 % of...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The research work was conducted with the fruits of Terminalia belerica (Fam: Combretaceae) to investigate antibacterial & antifungal activities. The fruits of the plant were successively extracted by cold extraction process by using two solvents namely ethanol and acetone. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of both solvents were investigated by a simple agar diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. The extracts of ethanol showed moderate activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria except Bacillus subtilis. Again acetone extracts showed moderate activity against Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. All the activities were determined by measuring the zone of inhibition compared with the standard antibiotic (Amoxicillin). Antifungal screening was done for the ethanol and acetone extracts by disk diffusion method with ten pathogenic fungi. Both the extracts showed moderate activity against Colletotrichum corcori, Fusarium equiseti and Candida albicans. In this case, Griseofulvin was used as standard...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Diclofenac Potassium, a sparingly soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was taken as candidate for decreasing the onset of action time and increasing its bioavailability by overcoming its first pass metabolism. Diclofenac Potassium orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations were developed using lyophilization technique. The freeze dried tablet formulations were prepared by freeze-drying an aqueous solution of Diclofenac Potassium, matrix former, filler, and an anti-collapse. The tablets were evaluated from both compendial and non-compendial criteria (i.e. uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, friability, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dissolution, wetting time, in vivo disintegration time, moisture analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The best formula results showed that lyophilized ODT disintegrated within few seconds and showed significantly faster in-vitro dissolution rate of Diclofenac Potassium in comparison with commercially available immediate release tablet Diclofenac Potassium tablet (Cataflam®). The in-vivo evaluation for the best formulation (LD#11) was performed in comparison with the immediate release tablet Diclofenac Potassium tablet (Cataflam® 50 mg). A randomized crossover design was adopted in the comparative bioavailability study and was...
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