Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2012 in |
The antibacterial efficacy of the crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis, Pers on clinical isolates of E. coli, Salmonella enteriditis and Shigella dysenteriae were determined using Agar Well Diffusion technique on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates. At the concentration of between 100 and 200mg/ml, the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of all the organisms with an average zone of inhibition diameter ranging from 30±0.2 to 35±0.36mm for E. coli and S. Enteriditis while for S. dysenteriae, it ranged from 21±0.22 to 26±0.36mm. On the other hand, the aqueous extract did not exhibit activity on any of the test organisms. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the methanolic extract on the organisms ranged from 0.39mg/ml on E. coli, 3.17mg/ml on S. enteriditis 25.00mg/ml on S. dysenteriae. The result from this study suggests that the crude extract from the stem bark of A. senegalensis could be used in the treatment of gastroenteritis caused by these...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2012 in |
The research work was conducted with the fruits of Emblica officinalis (Fam: Euphorbiaceae) to investigate antibacterial & antifungal activities. The fruits of the plant were successively extracted by cold extraction process by using two solvents namely ethanol and acetone. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of both solvents were investigated by a simple agar diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. The extracts of ethanol showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus megaterium. Again acetone extracts showed moderate activity against Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Shigella dysenteriae.All the activities were determined by measuring the zone of inhibition compared with the standard antibiotic (Amoxicillin). Antifungal screening was done for the ethanol and acetone extracts by disk diffusion method with ten pothogenic fungi. Both the extracts showed moderate activity against Fusarium equiseti and Candida albicans. In this case, Grisofulvin was used as standard...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2012 in |
A simple, precise and stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of anti-hypertensive drugs Irbesartan, Losartan, diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone. The separation was achieved on Hypersil BDS (Length 250 mm × Diameter 4.6 mm Particle size 5 μm) column with gradient flow. The mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 consisted of 0.05 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (Gradient ratio). The UV detection was carried out at 220 nm. The method was successfully validated in accordance to ICH guidelines. Further, the validated method was applied for commercially available pharmaceutical dosage...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2012 in |
The association between TSH and serum lipids in people with no apparent thyroid dysfunction is less understood. We have investigated the association between normal thyroid function, defined as TSH within the reference range and serum lipids concentrations. Cross-sectional, population based study with 1785 individuals without known thyroid dysfunction. We calculated mean concentrations of total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides across categories of TSH, using general linear models. Within the reference range of TSH, there was a linear and significant (P for trend <0.001) increase in total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and linear decrease (P for trend <0.001) in HDL cholesterol with increasing TSH. Within the range of TSH that is considered clinically normal, we observed that increasing level of TSH was associated with less favorable lipid concentrations. The association with serum lipids was linear across the entire reference range of...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2012 in |
Lipospheres of benzyl penicillin were formulated using the conventional thin film hydration technique. Five different combinations of shea butter, surfactant (Span 80) and goat fat were the key variables employed in the formulations. The resultant lipospheres were evaluated with respect to surface morphology, particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, in vivo bioavailability and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Particle size was found to increase with increased drug loading, the average particle radius of the batches being 12.5 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be high at all levels with encouraging values of 80.21 and 83.44 % for batch A and E respectively, with batch A containing shea butter and span 80 in the ratio of 1:1 and batch E containing shea butter, span 80 and goat fat in the ratio of 1:2:1. Batch A appear to exhibit sustained release in vitro with cumulative drug release being 60 % while batch E has a cumulative drug release of 98 % respectively. The presence of goat fat however...
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