Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Medicinal plant products when compared with synthetic antibiotics minimize the infections at a major part. Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants showed positive results for most of the phytochemical constituents namely tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, anthraquinones, protein and aminoacids, mixed oils and fats etc., This study provided a good medicinal plant based treatment strategy and will create social awareness among the clinically infected patients. Five important bacterial spp., identified from them namely P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts showed different inhibition spectrum against the isolated bacterial pathogens. Among them leaf methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica showed good antibacterial...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Two plants, Spilanthes acmella and Boenninghausenia albiflora used against the insect Pediculus humanus by the Gaddi tribals of Himachal Pradesh were presently tested for their insecticidal activity. The methanolic extracts of these plants were prepared from different parts of the plant collected in different months of the year since the active principle is known to vary in different parts of the plant and also with change in climate. Best results were obtained in the extracts made from the plants collected in the month of November. The flowers of S. acmella and the stem of B. albiflora gave the best results when crude extracts of different parts of the plant were used against the insect. When purified extracts of different concentrations made from these parts were tested against the target insect, 80% mortality was obtained with 800 ppm of S. acmella extract made from flowers and 90% mortality was obtained with 800 ppm of B. albiflora extract made from stem after an exposure of 24 hrs. The mortality remained constant...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Preservatives are added to pharmaceuticals to ensure safety and shelf life. A number of Essential oil components are identified as effective antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activity is assessed of pure oils. Oils were evaluated based on Refractive index, Specific gravity and Antimicrobial activity. In present study Syrups were prepared using Peppermint, Rose and Orange oils in different concentrations and antimicrobial activity was determined by using same syrups and compared with antimicrobial activity of pure oils determined by using same concentrations as used in syrups at the end of 7, 14 and 28 days. It was found that pure oils showed higher activity than syrups and only peppermint oil used in concentration of 2% showed antimicrobial activity after 28 days against S. aureus. Syrups containing Rose oil showed activity against E. coli in concentrations of 1% and 2%, against S. aureus only 2% syrup showed activity. All oils were found to be more active against Gram +ve microorganisms than Gram –ve...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
The pharmacodynamic effect of ceftriaxone on smooth muscles was investigated in isolated organs. Maximum stimulation of isolated guinea pig’s ileum, rabbit’s duodenum and rat’s fundic strip was achieved by addition of 1024 µg of ceftriaxone/ml bath. While in isolated rat’s colon, it was achieved by 512 µg of ceftriaxone/ml bath. The effect of graded increased concentrations of ceftriaxone on isolated tracheal muscles and rat’s uterine muscles was examined during estrus, non estrus, early pregnant and late pregnant stages. Trials were performed to locate the site of action of ceftriaxone on isolated smooth muscles. It was concluded that, ceftriaxone directly stimulates the smooth muscles of intestines; ceftriaxone in concentration of 1024 µg/ml bath has a serotonin like effect on rat’s fundic strip and had a direct myometrial depressant effect. Ceftriaxone in all tested concentrations did not induce any effects on the resting tonus of isolated guinea pig’s tracheal...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Zidovudine is the first approved compound for the treatment of HIV; however the main limitation to therapeutic effectiveness of Zidovudine is its dose dependent toxicity, short biological half-life and poor bioavailability. Thus, to overcome the problem the gastroretentive floating drug delivery system is developed. Floating drug delivery system is a low density system which have capacity to remain buoyant on gastric fluid in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate for prolonged period of time. The objective of present investigation was to developed hollow microsphere drug delivery system of Zidovudine using Eudragit S100 as polymer by novel O/W emulsification solvent diffusion technique. The hollow microspheres was evaluated for in-vitro buoyancy, micromeritic properties, particle size, percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro drug release. The prepared hollow microspheres were floated more than 12hrs on 0.1N HCl. The percentage yield and entrapment efficiency were found to be in range of 86.66% to 52.22% and 86.60% to 72.9%, respectively. The hollow microspheres were found to be regular in...
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