Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2023 in |
Spironolactone belongs to a group of medicine known as aldosterone antagonist used as sparing diuretic, Spironolactone (aldactone) is potassium -aspiring diuretic agent and has half-life of about 16 hours. Spironolactone one diuretics agents which increases renal excretion of water and solutes (mainly sodium salt). It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. On its own, spironolactone is only a weak diuretic, but it can be combined with other diuretics. Spironolactone is 7α-acetyle thio-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17β- carbolactone. Its molecular formula is C24 H32O4S having a molecular weight 416.58 gm/mole. The possible related compound (degradants and process-related impurities) as Spironolactone related compound –A of Spironolactone having chemical names are S-((2’R, 7R, 8R, 9S, 10R, 13S, 14S)-10, 13-Dimethyl-3, 5′-dioxo-1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16-tetradecahydro-5’H-spiro[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2′-furan]-7-yl)...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2023 in |
Marine environment is an enormous pool of biodiversity resources that cover approximately 70% surface of the earth. Marine microorganisms have unique properties since they have to adapt to extreme marine environmental conditions in deep-sea water. The present study aims to isolate, screen and identify bacterial strains from marine sediment samples that produce an enzyme pectinase with clinical and industrial applications. Marine sediment samples were collected and cultured on zobell marine agar medium. After incubation, five bacterial strains were screened for pectinase activity. Two isolates showed pectinase activity on Yeast Extract Pectin (YEP) medium. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of pectinase-producing organisms were done. Pectinase-producing bacterial strain (PE S7C) was selected based on their pectinase test. The selected strain PES7C was further sequenced for identification. The phylogenetic characterization and 16S rRNA of the strain PE S7C revealed that bacterial cultures belong to Bacillus cereus. The morphological studies indicated that the isolate was Gram +ve, rod-shaped and motile organism. The present study concludes that marine bacteria can be a source of pectinase with...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2023 in |
The present study evaluated the bioactive components, antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential in the methanolic extract of edible Brotia costula. The identification of the sample was confirmed with the help of the DNA barcoding technique. The COI gene sequence was submitted in NCBI and obtained the accession number OM056887. Bioactive compounds present in the sample were evaluated and identified with the help of the Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. The methanolic extract was tested for antioxidant capacity by its scavenging activity against Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and its anti-diabetic activity was measured by the methanolic extract Alpha- amylase inhibition method. The GC-MS study revealed the presence of 76 bioactive components, and the compound with the highest peak area is phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite. An inhibition percentage of 69.89 % in 500 μg against DPPH of the sample was observed as compared to 85.77% in ascorbic acid. The sample showed a good anti-diabetic potential with an inhibition percentage of 87.80 % in 500 μg of the sample. The findings of this...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2023 in |
Aim: The current research aimed to formulate and evaluate herbal nanoemulsion of poorly soluble Berberine hydrochloride, which can provide a realistic alternative for treating microbial infections. Materials and Methods: The drug was characterized using various analytical techniques such as Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry study. The herbal nanoemulsion was prepared using the water titration method by constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Formulations were evaluated by thermodynamic stability studies, droplet size analysis, viscosity, drug content, refractive index, polydispersity, and in-vitro release study. Results: On the basis of the analytical study, no interaction between the drug and excipients was found. Based on visual observation nanoemulsion was optimized by using thermodynamic stability study and freeze-thaw cycle. The optimized nanoemulsion (NE-2) shows droplet size of 203.7 nm, Viscosity-94 centipoises, Zeta potential -19mv, polydispersity index- 0.366. The optimized formulation NE-2 shows 91.7% drug release in 24 hours and was further evaluated for antimicrobial activity using Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition was found to be 56.26± 1.78 mm for...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2023 in |
This work compared the effect of hot aqueous extraction and blending on phytochemical content, AgNPs synthesis, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of ginger and turmeric. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted on a hot aqueous extract of ginger and turmeric combination (CHAE) and blended ginger & turmeric combination (CBLE). An attempt was then made to synthesize silver nanoparticles by reducing 1mM AgNO3 solution with CHAE & CBLE, respectively. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and SEM. Using existing protocols, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of CHAE, CBLE, and biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemicals required for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, such as flavonoids and phenols in CBLE but absented in CHAE. The UV-Visible spectrum confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using CBLE (AgNPs-CBLE), with the highest absorbance peak observed at 412 nm. The FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of phenolic compounds in the bioreduction of Ag+ as well as the capping/stabilization of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. AgNPs-CBLE were irregularly granulated and...
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