Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
The proposed study aimed to develop and validate a method for the simultaneous determination of emtricitabine, bictegravir, and tenofovir alafenamide in pharmaceutical dosage form using ultra-ultra dosage performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The drugs were separated using HSS C18 (100 x 1.8mm, 1.7m) column with a mobile phase composition consisting of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (pH 2.2) and acetonitrile in the ratio 70:30%v/v at a flow rate of 0.3ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C, and a detection wavelength of 260nm was used. The retention times were found to be 0.62mins for emtricitabine, 0.89 min for bictegravir and 1.75 min for tenofovir alafenamide. The developed method was validated in accordance with the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines and found to be accurate, precise, specific, and robust. The method obeyed Beer’s law in the 50 – 300µg/ml concentration range for emtricitabine, 12.5 – 75µg/ml for bictegravir and 6.25 – 37.5µg/ml for tenofovir alafenamide, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The developed method can be used for the routine quantitative analysis...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Epilepsy is a chronic non-communicable disease that affects 50 million people worldwide. AEDs play a vital role in controlling seizures but are not a permanent solution. For a large percentage of Persons with Epilepsy, seizures happen even with the intake of AEDs. Apasmāra is more or less compared to epilepsy. The majority of studies conducted on Apasmāra were śamana therapies and suggested śodhana therapy for better results. A non-randomized controlled trial on the Add-on effect of Selected Ayurvedic Treatment Protocol in Focal Seizures Evolving to Generalized seizures was conducted to assess and compare the selected protocol’s add-on effect, including śodhana and śamana in secondary generalized seizures. In the trial group, 10 diagnosed subjects with secondarily generalized seizures on Anti-Epileptic Drugs were included and given the intervention. In control, group 10 diagnosed subjects with secondarily generalized seizures on Anti-Epileptic Drugs were observed for the same period. The treatment’s effect was assessed using the Epilepsy severity assessment chart. Assessments were done on 0th day, 15th day, 30th day, 45th day, 60th...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Carissa carandas is a well-known traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmaceutical properties. In the present studies, three Carissa carandas fruit extract varieties were investigated for the activities relevant to type 2 diabetes mellitus, including inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Different solvent extracts such as methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of Carissa carandas fruits were evaluated to determine the level of biological activities such as antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity by in-vitro approaches. Sour green, sour pink and sweet varieties of Carissa Carandas fruits were used in this study. Free radical scavenging activity of fruit extracts was assessed using DPPH, H2O2, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical, ferric ion, and total antioxidant capacity. Among the three different extracts from the three varieties, the ethanol extract of the sour green variety showed the strongest α- amylase, and α -glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 270.4±1.73 µg/ml and 127.96±0.91 µg/ml), mainly due to the higher antioxidant activity. These extracts were evaluated using various in-vitro assays such as hydroxyl radical scavenging...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the leading causes of lower limb amputation and mortality in diabetic patients. Various factors contribute to the manifestation of chronic wounds in diabetic foot, but ischemia, infection, and elevated levels of matrix metalloproteases enzyme are the main factors. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are elevated to as high as 60%. Thus, altering the wound-healing process. This could be substantially decreased by using tissue inhibitors of MMPs. This article focuses on the effects of tissue inhibitors of MMPs in treating diabetic foot ulcers and preventing lower limb amputation diabetic...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Epilepsy is an achronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. There is a positive feedback cycle between epileptogenesis and brain inflammation. It has been proved that COX 2 is expressed constitutively in certain parts of the CNS and is further induced as a result of seizurogenic activity. Of the various experimental models of epilepsy, one is the maximal electroshock (MES) model, which is highly predictive of AED against GTCS. Other is the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model, which is useful in the AEDs activity against absence seizures. The present study was done to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of selective COX 2 inhibitor celecoxib in MES and PTZ models in mice and to see the differential effect of celecoxib in electrically chemically induced seizures. In the first part of the study, Celecoxib (2.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg & 10mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in albino mice. MES was induced, and durations of various phases were noted. Duration of Tonic hind limb extension was taken as an index of antiepileptic activity. The results indicated that celecoxibin, the...
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