Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
The present study evaluated the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of chloroform, hexane methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of Plumbago zeylanica (PEC, PEH, PEM, and PEP). Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus-ATCC 6538 and Bacillus cereus-NCIM 2155) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli-ATCC 8739) along with cytotoxicity activity against cervix carcinoma cell lines (HeLa and SiHa cell lines). Out of the four extracts tested, PEM and PEC extracts showed significantly high value of zone of inhibition against tested bacteria. PEM showed zone of inhibition of 10 mm, 13mm and 8 mm in ATCC 6538, NCIM 2155 and ATCC 8739, respectively. On the other hand, chloroform extract showed a zone of inhibition of 8mm, 10mm and 7 mm in ATCC 6538, NCIM 2155 and ATCC 8739, respectively. The four extracts PEC, PEH, PEM, and PEP showed a significant cytotoxicity activity with IC50 concentration at 238.93ug/ml, 694.44ug/ml, 580.40ug/ml and 593.04ug/ml against the HeLa Cell line and 142.71ug/ml, 547.16ug/ml, 448.04ug/ml and 424.27ug/ml respectively against the SiHa Cell line...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans are the major causative agents for infections, cryptococcosis, and candidiasis in human. Anti-fungal drugs for the treatment of fungal infections may show less effective activity on the pathogens due to the poor absorption or inadequate drug distribution, and some pathogens may evolve anti-fungal drug resistance. The development of anti-fungal drugs from natural sources with potential activity is of main global concern. Some filamentous fungi themselves can secrete anti-fungal compounds, which show effective antagonism against numerous pathogens. One such fungus, Aspergillus giganteus is known to produce anti-fungal proteins (AFP). In this study, the AFP is purified and its antagonistic activity was determined by analyzing its pathogenic membrane disruption ability. Extracellular pH and the lipid level in the AFP treated pathogenic cell membrane were also evaluated. The results have proved the membrane damage and disintegration of the pathogenic cell membrane by AFP and were observed in a dose-time-dependent manner. The fluctuation in the extracellular pH was monitored in the treated pathogens. This study has identified a...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
Olmesartan Medoxomil and Cilnidipine combination lowers blood pressure effectively. Olmesartan Medoxomil is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and Cilnidipine is a calcium channel blocker (CCB). Cilnidipine and Olmesartan Medoxomil are widely used in hypertension. The scope of the study is to optimize the chromatographic conditions to develop a new RP-UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Clinidipine, which is simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. A very few methods were developed by UPLC using DAD. The mobile phase used is 0.5% w/v Ammonium acetate buffer: methanol: Acetonitrile (40:50:10), and the detection was carried out at 240 nm by using PDA detector. The flow rate was optimized at 0.4ml/min. The retention time was found to be 0.587 and 0.992 for Olmesartan Medoxomil and Cilnidipine, respectively. All the parameters of the method development and validation meet the ICH guidelines criteria. Thus the work establishes that the reported method is more economical and can be regularly used in practical application for simultaneous analysis of the Cilnidipine (CIL) and Olmesartan medoxomil...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
Memantine hydrochloride is a medicine used to medicate patients with moderately severe to severe Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders; because of mechanisms of neuroprotection, the efficiency of memantine have been delivered in preclinical and clinical experiments. Several approaches for preparing memantine hydrochloride have been announced. The process began with 1,3-dimethyladamantane or 1-bromo-3,5-dimethyladamantane using three or four reaction steps for the production of memantine hydrochloride, with overall yield fluctuating from 39% to 63%. In this article, a concise two-step for the synthesis of memantine hydrochloride from 1,3-dimethyladamantane via 1-acetamido-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane with an overall yield of 85% was developed. The parameters of the procedure were also optimized with a view to lessening the utilization of toxic solvents and reagents, making it more eco-friendly. And in particular, the condition reaction are specified in the preparation of 1-acetamido-3,5-dimethyladamantaneasreaction temperature = 70 ºC, time reaction =2.5 hrs, molar ratio of (acid nitric: acetonitril: 1,3-dimethyladamantane) = 7:10:1; in the synthesis of memantine hydrochloride as reaction temperature = 130 ºC, time reaction = 8 h, molar...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2021 in |
A simple gradient ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of paliperidone in rabbit plasma matrix as per USFDA, and EMA guidelines using a stable isotope-labeled paliperidone-d4 was added as an internal standard. The separation was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 mm × 10 cm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase composition of 5 mM ammonium formate in HPLC grade water with 0.05% formic acid (Mobile phase A) and acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid (Mobile phase B) at a flow rate 1 ml/min in gradient mode. A simple single-step protein precipitation extraction method was adapted using acetonitrile. Quantification of analyte was achieved using positive ionization. Mass ion transitions used were 427.0→207.0 for paliperidone and 431.1→211.0 for paliperidone-d4. The linearity curve was obtained, found to be linear, and the regression coefficient was 0.9990 in the concentration range of 0.25-250 ng/ml. The ruggedness and accuracy of all levels of QC were ranged from 0.81 to 6.02% and 94.22 to 104.40%, respectively....
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