Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Poultry products are a major source of animal protein in Ghana. However, disease outbreaks have constantly threatened increased poultry production in some regions of the country. The most common source of human salmonellosis is food of poultry origin. The evolution of resistant strains of Salmonella in natural environments and animal houses presents a serious public health concern. Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin have remained effective agents in managing salmonellosis and other gastrointestinal infections over the years. However, despite growing evidence on evolving antibiotic resistance in S. typhi, few studies have assessed the susceptibility of salmonella species to commercially marketed ciprofloxacin brands. This study thus sought to determine the susceptibility of S. typhi isolated from 25 poultry farms in the Ashanti region to commercially available ciprofloxacin brands on the Ghanaian market. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using a modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC determination by micro-broth dilution. Of the 50 Salmonella typhi isolates, 20% (n=10/50) were susceptible to pure ciprofloxacin, while 58% (29/50) of the isolates were...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Objective: Combretaceae, a large family, includes more valuable species that are used against many diseases and disorders along with cancer therapy. Cancer is a very common lethal disease throughout the world. Keeping this in view, two species are Combretum roxburghii Spreng and Terminalia catappa L. selected for present studies to provide baseline data for future formulation. Methods: Phytochemicals were detected in different extracts of experimental plants. The cytotoxicity was tested using a Brine shrimp assay. The presence of both total phenol and total tannin content was estimated by standard spectrophotometric methods. Results: Terminalia catappa L. showed the presence of a number of natural bioactive compounds than Combretum roxburghii Spreng. The lethality test indicated maximum in Combretum roxburghii Spreng. (leaf) in methanol extract and Terminalia catappa L. in acetone extract (leaf). The highest concentration of total phenol and tannin content was observed in Combretum roxburghii Spreng. Conclusion: Phytochemical test, cytotoxicity test, total phenol & tannin content indicated the pharmacological potential and preventive characters against cancer and formulation of future...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Croton membranaceus is a tropical plant that grows wildly in some West African countries. Though several parts of this plant are used for the treatment of diverse disease conditions, its root extracts are traditionally used mainly in Ghana for the management of prostate diseases. This present study aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activities of the stem extracts of C. membranaceus and assess their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH free radical scavenging method was employed in the preliminary screening for antioxidant activities of the direct aqueous (CMASE) and sequential fractions (SECM) of the pulverized stem of C. membranceus: hexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous. In–vivo antioxidant effects of CMASE on liver antioxidant enzymes/markers [Glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA)] in Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats after 90 days were also investigated. In-vitro investigations revealed that all SECM and CMASE had some antioxidant activities. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 0.35 and 1.41 mg/ml. Phenols were present...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Medicinal plants and their investigation towards the phytoconstituents is much interested in today’s research. The plant Achyranthes aspera Linn. is one of the most use full drugs in Siddha and Ayurvedha medicines for treating various diseases in different formulations. Here the aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacognostic parameters and identify the phytoconstituents. A preliminary phytochemical study helps identify the phytoconstituent present in different extracts, and Column Chromatography was used to isolate the phytoconstituent principle present in the methanol extract. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated by Spectroscopic methods like UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, MASS spectroscopy. A yellow crystalline compound was isolated from the methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. in the fraction of Chloroform: Ethyleacetae in (80:20) ratio. From the spectroscopic method, the structure of the isolated compound was elucidated, and the proposed structure may be (E)-2-(E)-tetracos-21-enoyloxy) ethyl pentacos-22-enoate. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol and aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. has also been screened towards bacterial and fungal organisms like...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
The water extract of Ocimum gratissimum, L Lamiaceae, used in traditional medicine and local food spice, was evaluated for its ocular effect using three ocular parameters, pupil diameter (PD), corneal reflex (CR) and pupillary light reflex (PLR). The phytochemical tests were performed on the pulverized leaves, which were used to ascertain the distribution pattern of some possible bioactive agents responsible for the presumed activity of Ocimum gratissimum. It was also tested for the presence of the following: glycosides, carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and proteins, and the results show the presence of fats and oil, reducing sugar and terpenes> tannins> cyanogenic glycosides> alkaloid and steroidal aglycone, while there were no traces of anthraquinones and flavonoids. The Ocimum gratissimum water extracts caused dilatation of the pupil (3.13%), a mydriatic effect, while the corneal reflex was not abolished, showing a lack of local anesthetic property. However, the pupillary light reflex was present throughout the...
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