Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Background: Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation or infection of vulva and vagina. Candida is a commensal micro-organism which mainly colonizes the mucosal surfaces of human body such as gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and genitourinary tract. This study aimed to find prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and determine antifungal susceptibility pattern of clinical Candida isolates among samples at U.P.U.M.S, Saifai. Materials and Methods: A total of112 vaginal swabs were collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida species were isolated and identified using standard laboratory techniques. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Broth microdilution method. Results: Out of 58 candida isolates the most common clinical strains isolated were Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candidakrusei, Candida dubliniensis and Candida parapsilosis. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (23.2%). Mean value of MIC for itraconazole against candida species ranges from 0.063-1.00µg/ml, for terbinafine against Candida species was found to be 0.031-4.00µg/ml, for voriconazole against candida species was found to be 0.012-27.897µg/ml and for fluconazole it was 0.003-42.50µg/ml. Conclusion: This study demonstrates...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Losartan is used for hypertension, including in people with left ventricular hypertrophy (enlarged heart muscle), and kidney dysfunction among type II diabetics. It may also delay progression of diabetic nephropathy. It is a suitable pharmacological agent for the reduction of renal disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and microalbuminuria (>30 mg/24 hours). A Related Substance High Performance Liquid Chromatography method has been developed and validated for Losartan Potassium. Chromatographic separation of the pharmaceutical was performed on an Inert Sil ODS 3V column (5µm 4.6 mm×250 mm) with a 250:50:2 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and Triethylamineas mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min–1, and detection at 237 nm. Separation was complete in less than 20 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation, and robustness. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to be acceptable over the ranges 50–150.00 g mL–1 for Losartan...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Introduction: Lower Respiratory Tract pulls in air from the upper respiratory tract, absorbs oxygen and release carbon dioxide in exchange, infection to this is known as LRTI. It includes Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Influenza, Pneumonia, COPD and Asthma. Patients were treated with many medications like Bronchodilators, antibiotics and antivirals. Objectives: To evaluate treatment assessment of respiratory disease condition in hospital along with monitoring comorbid conditions, diagnosis, risk effecting agents, length of stay, effective treatment. Methodology: This prospective observational study conducted in Mallige Hospital, Bengaluru, India for 6 months from January to June in 2024. Total 316 patients were enrolled, data was collected from ICU, MRD, OPD, Wards from Pulmonology department under guidance of physician. Results: Out of 316 participants 54% were male and 46% were female within majority age group 61-80 years and 48% were overweight. Higher comorbid conditions are hypertension (198) and diabetes mellitus (134). Chief complaints were coughing (74.6%) and breathlessness (74%). In 98% individual ECG was advised. In spirometry analysis 66% subjects had 60% FEV1 and FVC value,...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
This study aimed to design and evaluate a thermoreversible, mucoadhesive intranasal gel formulation of Trazodone HCl for enhanced drug delivery to the brain. Pre-formulation processes involved characterization of the drug using UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and DSC techniques to confirm drug purity and compatibility with excipients. The nasal gel was formulated using Poloxamer 407 (19%) and Carbopol 934P (0.1% – 0.5%) through the cold method. The formulated gels were evaluated for pH, clarity, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, in-vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation across goat nasal mucosa. Gelation temperature was optimized to align with physiological nasal temperatures (32–34°C), and results demonstrated effective sol-to-gel transitions. Drug release studies revealed over 85% release from optimized formulation (A4) within 8 hours. Ex-vivo permeation studies confirmed significant drug absorption through the nasal membrane, with A4 exhibiting 78.45% cumulative drug release. Stability studies validated the formulations’ reliability, and no incompatibilities were observed between drug and excipients. This intranasal gel formulation represents a promising, non-invasive approach to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Trazodone HCl...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Eryngium foetidum commonly known as cilantro or spiny coriander is a tropical perennial herb known for its distinctive aroma and medicinal properties. While it is mainly used as a culinary herb, it has long been valued in traditional medicine for a variety of health benefits. The present study was intended to analyse the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of the leaf. Qualitative analysis has revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds and the major classes of phytochemicals typically found in Eryngium foetidum were flavonoids, tri-terpenoids, steroids, tannin, saponin, carbohydrate and phenol. Also, attempt has been made to isolate endophytic bacteria from Eryngium foetidium after performing controlled surface sterilization. The isolated organisms were marked as B1 and B2 and subjected to perform antibacterial and antifungal activities against important pathogenic strains viz; Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia & Aspergillus sp. The B1 isolate was however found to be effective with its substantial activities with zone of inhibitions of 18mm, 17mm, 15mm and 17mm respectively along with the...
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