Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Drug resistance mutations M184V and M184I are associated with lamivudine. Y181C and H221Y drug resistance mutations are associated with nevirapine and efavirenz and G190R and M230I drug resistance mutations are associated with efavirenz in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV-1. In the present study, we attempted to identify the drug resistance mutations and interacting amino acids in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV-1 through a molecular docking approach. Molecular docking of first-line antiretroviral drugs like lamivudine, nevirapine, and efavirenz with wild and mutant type structures was performed using MTi auto dock to compare the binding behaviour of drugs with amino acids of the reverse transcriptase gene. The receptor structure preparation was performed by the University of California, San Francisco chimera (UCSF Chimera). The Ligplot program was used to plot the 2D interaction diagrams of protein-ligand complexes. The 3D models of the mutant-drugs were generated using PyMOL (PyMOL molecular graphics system). The clear bond interactions were visualized with Discovery Studio 3.5 (BIOVIA, USA). Thus, these findings suggest that mutations in...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Anemia is defined as a decreased hemoglobin level or circulating red blood cells, and it is the most common hematological disorder during pregnancy. The study was aimed to review the prevalence of anemia in pregnant and lactating women and to find out the correlation between educational status and prevalence of anemia if any. A Concurrent Observational study was carried out Using a Case Sheet of the In-patient and Out-Patient of Parul Sevasharam Hospital during a period of six months. Among 115 women, the majority of anemic women were in the age of 21-25 years. The present study showed that the prevalence of moderate anemia (42.60%) among pregnant and lactating women was high. The lower socio economic status (64.35%), low level of education were associated for high prevalence of anemia, and the majority of antenatal women were primigravida (37.39%) and were in the third trimester (77.39%) of pregnancy. The majority of women took iron supplements (42.31%) during pregnancy; all the hematinics (41.53%) were prescribed in oral route. Study suggests an...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Yemen is located on the southwestern brink of the Arabian Peninsula. The methanolic and aqueous crude extracts of two Yemeni traditional medicinal plants Myrtus communis L. and Flemingia grahamiana Wight & Arn were evaluated for antibacterial activity in-vitro by Well- diffusion method against six bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical samples), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MRSA) and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, in Aurangabad city, India. Four concentrations for each extract (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/well) were used. The results of antibacterial activity of methanol extracts at (10 mg/well) concentration of Myrtus communis and Flemingia grahamiana showed maximum zone of inhibition (25.2mm, and 25.7mm) against P. mirabilis and S. aureus, respectively. Extracts of Flemingia grahamiana have not shown inhibition zones against K. pneumonia and E. coli (ATCC 25922). The MIC was tested at a range of concentrations from 25 mg/ml to 0.781 mg/ml for each plant extract. M. communis extracts showed the highest values with MIC of 0.781 for all isolates except E. coli. Also, MIC...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
The study was initiated to determine the antidaibetic activity of Avicennia alba in Streptozotocin induced Type-2 diabetic rats. The rats were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Avicennia alba stem and leaf methanolic extract (MLAA) and compared with the diabetic, normal and standard (glibenclamide) rat groups. The blood glucose levels, glycosylated haemoglobin levels, and body weight of the rats in different groups (n=6) were monitored at 0, 7, 14 21, and 28 days. The histopathological parameters of the liver and pancreas were also analyzed at the end of the study. MLAA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) extract reduced the blood glucose level from the 21st day itself (193, 141, and 134 mg/dL), and the best reduction was observed by the end of the study with 121.3 and 107.3 mg/dL (200 and 400 mg/kg). The initial decrease in body weight was recovered after the drug treatment, and normalization in body weight was observed on the 4th week. The glycosylated haemoglobin was found normal in MLAA (200 and 400...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
The objective of the current study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (CZB) extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Wistar albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex were divided into six groups, and toxicity was induced by acetaminophen (APAP) at a dose of 750 mg/kg, bw, p.o, every 72 h, for two weeks. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) was given as reference standard. CZB (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, p.o) was tested for hepatoprotective activity. Various serum parameters like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatise (ALP), total Bilirubin (TB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and total cholesterol (TC) in different groups were measured. Further, the effect of the extract on super oxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation were also estimated. The treatment with ethanolic extract of CZB reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TB, and TC and also reversed the hepatic damage as compared with toxic control rats. A decreased level of ALB and TP was also significantly restored...
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