Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
In general, ocular efficacy is strongly related to ocular drug bioavailability, which may be enhanced by prolonging precorneal drug residence time and increasing corneal drug penetration. Hence, the present study involves the development, characterization and evaluation of biodegradable moxifloxacin hydrochloride nano-particles intended for ocular use. Nano-particles were prepared by nano-precipitation technique using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid. 32 factorial designs were applied to optimize the drug formulation. The effect of independent variables such as drug-to-polymer ratio and speed of homogenizers on entrapment efficiency and particle size were investigated. Studies such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out on the selected formula. In-vitro release study showed extended drug release. Hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test was used for the evaluation of ocular tolerance, which showed the non-irritant efficacy of the developed formulation. These results express the applicability of encapsulating moxifloxacin hydrochloride biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for ocular...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
A biofilms are sessile aggregate mode of growth in some bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae which makes the microorganism tolerant to adverse environmental conditions biofilm-forming microorganism may possibly create conditions including native valve endocarditis, osteomyelitis, dental caries, middle ear infections, medical device-related infections, ocular implant infections and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. In an attempt to control biofilm formation on the wall, the emulsion was developed and evaluated against the bacteria isolated from biofilm layers of walls. In the current study, emulsion (O/W) was developed using oil extracted from the leaves of a Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Eucalyptus globules and Azadirachta indica (neem) are used, which have antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidants and anti-diabetic activities. The emulsions were prepared in different ratios of oil and surfactant (Tween 80 and Tween 20) and evaluated for their mechanical and thermal stability. Transparent emulsion with a mean droplet diameter of 171 nm was obtained at a 6:4 ratio (v/v) of oil and surfactant and was found to be stable. This result was...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Objective: The study was aimed to isolate the components from the methanolic extract of the root bark of Aphanamixis polystachya and to confirm their potential cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract, silver nanoparticles and silver nanosuspension of the root bark of A. polystachya. Method: Isolation from the methanolic extract of root barks of A. polystachya were performed using column chromatography technique. Cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB cell lines by SRB Assay was conducted on silver nanosuspension of A. polystachya. Results: The components isolated from methanolic extract of root bark of A. Polystachya by column chromatography were confirmed as Rohituka 7, Rohituka 3, Amoorinin-3-o-α-l-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1à6)–β-D-Glucopyra-noside and 8- Methyl-7, 2׳,4׳-tri-O-Methylflavonone-5-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl (1 4)-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR and MS. The prepared silver nanosuspension, tested in concentrations ranging between 500-7.81 µM showed IC50 value at 0.58 µM in MCF-7 cell line, and IC50 in MDA-MB cell line being greater than 1000µM. Conclusion: Column chromatography of the methanolic extract of root barks of A. polystachya led to the isolation...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is distinctive of many ophthalmic disorders, such as glaucoma, optic neuropathies, and various retinovascular diseases. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity is thought to be an important contributor to RGC death. Uninterrupted activation of a large number of NMDARs leads to increases in intracellular calcium loads, initiating a cascade of events that eventually result in apoptosis or necrosis. We aim to prevent or delay RGC death by an intervention involving lithium to afford neuroprotection of RGCs or neutralization of the deleterious effects of toxic factors. Existing reports highlight a range of lithium dosage applied from 7 to 21 days to promote the survival of RGCs damaged by optic nerve injury. Lithium was injected continuously for 7 days at a dose of 30, 50, and 70 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) to Wistar rats after injecting 20 mM NMDA intravitreally. Morphological changes observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining along with measurement of the thickness of the inner retina (IR) , made up of...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Here, we report the in-vitro and in-vivo effects of Valspodar (PSC833), a second-generation mammalian efflux pump inhibitor on the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylo-coccus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) towards two antibiotics, Oxacillin (OX) and Cefoxitin (FOX). Checkerboard microdilution assays revealed various degrees of strain-dependent synergy demonstrated in the form of major reductions in antibiotic Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Valspodar Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC). Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) for OX-PSC833 tested against MRSA and MSSA were 0.125 and 0.048, respectively, and for FOX-PSC833 was 0.5 for the MSSA. In-vivo studies showed that using a combination of an antibiotic and Valspodar to treat bacteremia induced by the different strains of S. aureus in a mouse model did not achieve complete killing of the MRSA strains, but resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial counts. MEC of PSC833 achieving synergy with antibiotics was as low as 5.2 µg/ml. Valspodar is a good candidate for antibiotic combination therapy at concentrations that are considered safe for human...
Read More
