Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
Ethanol extract of kerehau leaves is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities with the potential to prevent atherosclerosis. This study aims to determine the ability of kerehau ethanol extract in reducing the lipid levels, the lipid ratios, and the number of foam cells in the blood vessel walls. This study employed in-vivo and ex-vivo experiments on male rats of Wistar strain induced with high-fat feed and 25% fructose for 45 days. The rats were divided into 6 groups (n=3), namely negative control (0.5% CMC-Na), positive control (induction), simvastatin (0.9 mg/kg bw), and 3 groups of test extracts with a dose of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bw, respectively. Administration of CMC-Na, simvastatin, and kerehau ethanol extract was carried out orally along with the inducer. The parameters measured were the levels of triglycerides, TC, and serum HDL at before and after 45 days of treatment. Rat aortic arches were taken for histopathological examination at the end of the study. The results showed that kerehau ethanol extract at a dose...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
Herbal medicine plays an important role in rural areas, and various locally produced drugs are still being used as household remedies for different ailments. Acalypha hispida (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant popularly used in pharmaceutical used and as a commercial product. Hence, the need to explore the potential of this plant, especially in the area of traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries, arises. The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and radical-scavenging activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of leaf and flower of A. hispida. Phytochemical screening showed that phenol, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid are present in methanol extract of a leaf. In ethanol extract of leaves, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid are present. In the methanol extract of flower, phenol, tannin, and carbohydrate are present, and phenol, tannin, alkaloid, and flavanoid are present in the ethanol extract of the flower. The organisms used for the antibacterial properties assessment were E. coli, Candida albicans, B. cereus, and Salmonella typhi. In antimicrobial activity, the desired concentrations were 2.5%, 1.25%,...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
The present aim study is the formulation development and evaluation of extended-release matrix tablets of oxybutynin chloride by using hydrophilic and hydrophobic matrix systems. The pilot-scale batches of nine formulations were prepared using Eudragit RSPO, Eudragit RLPO, Carbopol 971NF, ethylcellulose individually, and in the combination of above polymer and Avicel PH102 by adopting direct compression method. The fabricated matrix tablets were assessed for their physicochemical properties and in-vitro drug release study. The drug-excipient interaction was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, where no such interactions were observed. The F1-F3 formulation batches containing Eudragit RSPO in different proportions showed an effective drug release of nearly 99% at 24 h. The F4-F6 formulation batches contained Eudragit RLPO in the diverse amount presented an impressive drug release of >97%. In batches F7-F9, the combination of Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO produced a remarkable drug release of 100%. The optimized formulation F3 demonstrated a comparative similarity factor ƒ2 and less difference factor ƒ1 with that of the marketed tablet. The formulation F3 also...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health burden and can cause potential infection in any system of the body. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is most common presentation, but the diagnosis of TB remains elusive because of none of biochemical or serological test is invalid. During the development of END TB strategy, the gene expert (CBNAAT) test was first endorsed by WHO. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study; conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh, India. All patients suspect of PTB fulfilling, inclusive criteria were enrolled for PTB confirmation. All kind of clinical samples pertaining to PTB were processed in TB laboratory for Ziehl-Neelsen stain microscopy, solid culture (Lowenstein-Jensen (L. J.) and gene expert. All data were collected and analyzed using SPSS ver. 2017. Results: During the study period, a total of 542 clinical PTB cases were enrolled. Among which distribution of clinical samples was (404/74.53% sputum, 104/19.18% gastric aspirate, 34/6.27% broncho-alveolar lavage: BAL). Among 542 total samples enrolled, 102 (18.81%)...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
Clobetasol propionate (CP) has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-proliferative activity. The current work aimed to prepare and evaluate the nanoemulsions of CP loaded tea tree oil (TTO) would be stable nanoemulsion. Clinical use of CP is restricted to some extent due to its poor permeability across the skin. So, to increase its permeation across the skin, microemulsion based formulations were prepared and characterized. Microemulsions were prepared by aqueous phase titration method, using TTO, tween 20 transcutol P, and distilled water as the oil phase, surfactant, co-surfactant, and aqueous phase, respectively. Selected formulations were subjected to physical stability studies. Malven Zeta seizer did particle size distribution of nanoemulsion. In surface studies of the optimized formulation were done by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The nanoemulsion (A2) was a colloidal dispersion having average droplet size ranging from 100 to 200 nm. The nanoemulsion (A2) formulation exhibited a narrow size distribution (PI = 0.131). The optimized formulation exhibited viscosity 28.30 ± 1.91 mP, refractive index 1.403, pH 6.15, and conductivity 10-4 s cm-1. The optimized...
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