Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
The transdermal delivery route is increasingly being used for drug delivery primarily because the route avoids drawbacks encountered with oral and parenteral routes of drug administration. Irbesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used clinically to treat hypertension. The objective of the present study was to investigate microemulsion gel as a transdermal delivery system of irbesartan while envisaging drug bioavailability enhancement. The microemulsion based gel of irbesartan was prepared by incorporating optimized microemulsion containing 0.075% w/w of irbesartan into the gelling vehicle. The gelling vehicle was made by dispersing 2% w/w of polycarbophil in distilled water. Irbesartan-loaded microemulsion gel was characterized by droplet size and polydispersity index determinations. Physicochemical properties of irbesartan-loaded microemulsion gels were studied using reported procedures. Diffusion Franz cell was utilized for in-vitro skin permeation while an in-vivo study in rats was by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. Activation energy measurement was used to assess the skin permeation mechanism. The droplet size and polydispersity of the microemulsion based gel of irbesartan were in the range of 80 –...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
The present study was aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity study and subchronic toxicity study with methanol extracts of Bougainvillea glabra and Mucuna pruriens on Wistar albino rats. The acute dose was administered at 2000 mg/kg body weight on 1st day and observed for 14 days, while chronic dose was given at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days. In subchronic toxicity study, hematological (Platelet count, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, MCV & MCH) and biochemical studies (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, creatinine, urea & bilirubin) were carried out from plasma and serum after completion of 90 days treatment period. During the treatment period, the rats were observed for toxicity symptoms and, in addition to mortality & bodyweight alterations, were documented. In the result of acute toxicity study, methanol extracts of Bougainvillea glabra and Mucuna pruriens were found to be non-toxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in hematological analysis and biochemical parameters from control groups and test animals in the subchronic toxicity study....
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
Background: There is a rise in a number of diabetes mellitus patients globally, but awareness of the disease, symptoms, medication use, associated complications, and comorbidities are low among Indians. The objective of the study was to evaluate the epidemiology of diabetes, prescribing patterns, and medication adherence and the impact of patient education on diabetes in a rural community. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and community-based study was conducted on 100 randomly selected known diabetic patients by direct interview at their doorsteps using data collection form, glucometer, patient leaflet, and brief medication questionnaire. The data contained information about socio-demographic details, knowledge about the disease, medication use, adherence, lifestyle changes, complications and co-morbidities, and measurement of their random blood sugar levels before and after counseling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: There were 63% females and 37% males; the maximum number of patients was in the age group 51-60 years, and the mean age was 51.6 ± 11.1years. The most commonly used drugs were biguanides, followed by sulfonylureas. The Brief...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities with different solvents extracts of Diospyros ebenum were investigated. The phytochemical screening of this study indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, proteins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. The methanolic extract of D. ebenum was significantly higher phenolic content when compared to hexane and diethyl ether extracts. In order to effectiveness (IC50) of the plant extracts the potent inhibitors of methanolic extract followed the methods (H2O2, RPA and TBA). This showed that Diospyros ebenum with different solvents extracts especially the methanolic extract may be a potent source of extraction of natural antioxidant and its use in the management of disease associated with oxidative stress was...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
A marine sea-grass Cymodocaea serrulata was collected, dried and extracted with a different solvent. The presences of phytochemical constituents were confirmed and the ethyl acetate extraction was considered to be a suitable solvent. In addition, the crude seagrass was serially diluted and spread onto the Zobell Marine Agar plates. Among the eight colonies obtained, the red-pigmented bacterium (CS8) which was identified as Bacillus cereus (MG890216.1) through 16S rRNA was selected for further studies. Subsequently, the secondary metabolites from seagrass and its bacterial pellet of ethyl acetate extract were detected through Mass Spectroscopic analysis. On comparison of MS spectrum of the seagrass phenolic derivatives such as p-Coumaric acid (163Da), syringic acid (197Da), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzoic acid (213Da), Oleuropine derivative (334Da) and 1-acetoxy pinoresinol (415Da) were found to be major compound. GC-MS revealed the major unknown compound as Androst-5-En-3.Beta.-Ol, 4; 4-Dimethyl-and Acetate which is a steroidal unsaturated carboxylate had not been reported from any sources so far and along with seven other known compounds in the bacterial pellet. In addition...
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