Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Metabolites from natural sources (microbes, plants, animals) have helped to double the human life span during the 20th century, combated pain and suffering, and revolutionized the practice of medicine. Microbes have provided compounds that have cured or reduced the effect of human diseases for 70 years. Microbial products include antibiotics against bacteria and fungi, antitumor drugs, immunosuppressants, enzyme inhibitors including hypocholesterolemics, anti-parasitic agents, bioherbicides, plant growth regulators, biopesticides and bioinsecticides. Cyanobacteria produce many compounds with activities such as neurotoxic, anti-proliferative, anticancer and anti-infective. These are Gram-negative photoautotrophic prokaryotes carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis. They are known as blue-green bacteria due to their production of C-phycocyanin, a blue green pigment used for photosynthesis. Their products have anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, immunomodulatory and protease-inhibition activities. The present study was performed in order to isolate and screen the cyanobacterial cultures for the metabolites of nutraceutical importance. The results showed the isolation of cyanobacterial cultures viz. Anabena sp and Cylindrospermum sp. The 75% populations of dominant isolates were of Anabena sp while 25% population isolated...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Novel metal complexes of ligands of pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of 1-acetyl-2-hydroxynapthalene and indole-3-carboxaldehyde followed by the condensation of substituted phenylhydrazine. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis., molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements and electrochemical studies. Based on the magnetic moment and electronic spectral data, square planar geometry has been suggested for metal complexes. The binding behavior of the complexes with calf thymus DNA has been investigated by electronic absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The DNA binding constants reveal that all these complexes interact with DNA through intercalation binding mode. Superoxide dismutase and antioxidant activities of the copper complexes have also been studied. The antioxidant activities of the complexes showed higher activities. Fluorescent studies reveal that the absorption band is shifted towards visible region indicates that the pyrazoline derivatives of metal complexes may exhibit different emission with respect to suitable substituent present in the pyrazoline structural core. Naphthyl group is responsible for the green colour emission due to its conjugation and electronic delocalization...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is a national harm reduction program in Malaysia that prevents opioids withdrawal, reduces cravings, and aids in the drug abuser’s recovery. Treatment retention is used as a measure of MMT effectiveness. However, it is often associated with many factors that cause premature termination. Our study aimed to analyze the percentage of loss to follow-up patients receiving MMT in the Cure and Care Service Centre (Chow Kit, Malaysia) and identify the factors that affected treatment non-retention. Data collection was obtained from 335 medical profiles of patients to assess the percentage of non-retention and analyze the factors associated with involuntary and voluntary termination. Data analysis was carried out using SSPS version 24 and Microsoft Excel 2011. Majority of the patients were male (n=141), aged between 41 and 60 years old (n = 93) and Malay (n=112). Our findings demonstrated a high percentage of non-retention among MMT patients, where 50.7% and 48% of the factors had caused involuntary and voluntary premature termination, respectively. Involuntary termination from treatment was...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis or nucleic acid replication. The antibiotic must have access to and bind to its bacterial target site. Whether antibiotic resistance is intrinsic or acquired, the genetic determinants of resistance encode specific biochemical resistance mechanism that may include enzymatic inactivation of the drug, alteration to the structure of the antibiotic target site and changes that prevent access of an adequate concentration of the antimicrobial agents to the active site. Klebsiella organisms are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Current evidence implicates plasmids as the primary source of the resistance genes. The susceptibility pattern of different antibiotics to ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from urine samples and they found that most of the infection caused by E. coli (61.29%) found to be most common bacteria in urinary tract infection followed by Klebsiella spp. (45.16%). Isolates were highly resistance to gentamicin followed by tetracycline, ampicillin, and amikacin. gentamicin showed resistance against E. coli and Klebsiella spp were 89.47% and 85.71% respectively. While tetracyclin and ampicillin showed...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Two series of pyridazinone derivatives, 6-(aryl)-2-(substituted methyl)-4,5-dihydro (2H) pyridazin-3-one derivatives (3a-8a and 3b-8b) were synthesized by reacting 6-phenyl substituted 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro pyridazin-3-one (2a and 2b) with cyclic secondary amine under Mannich reaction conditions. These final compounds (3a-8a and 3b-8b) were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy) and evaluated for anti-tubercular activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain by Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method. Most of the compounds were showed significant anti-tubercular activity. Compounds (7a and 7b) were showed maximum antitubercular activity with 6.25 μg/ml minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and compounds (4a, 5a, 8a and 3b, 4b, 6b, 8b) were exhibited 12.5 μg/ml MIC value and other remaining compounds (3a, 6a and 5a) were found less potent (12.5 μg/ml) MIC value than the reference drugs when compared with reference drugs [pyrizinamide (3.125 μg/ml)] and (streptomycin 6.25 μg/ml) MIC values. Among the synthesized pyridazinone derivatives, compound (7a and 7b) emerged as a lead compound with good anti-tubercular activity. These biological activities differences mainly depend on the different type...
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