Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Background: Depression is a major public health disorder, with antidepressants like Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) improving outcomes for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients. However, determining which category is superior remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profile of Escitalopram (SSRI) versus Venlafaxine/Desvenlafaxine (SNRIs) in patients of depression. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Outpatient Department (OPD) of Psychiatry; in 120 eligible MDD patients, already taking tablet escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) or venlafaxine (75 – 375 mg/day)/desvenlafaxine (25-100 mg/day) at least for 1 month duration. Therapeutic Efficacy was assessed by HAM-D (Hamilton rating scale for Depression) and CGI (Clinical Global Impressions) Scale. Safety profile was evaluated with the help of ASEC (Anti-Depressant Side Effect Checklist) by assessing the adverse effects experienced by patients. Independent t-test and chi square test were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative variables respectively. Results: Mean (±SD) scores of HAM-D and CGI scales in escitalopram group were significantly higher than venlafaxine/...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
The physiological and biochemical changes in plants are affected by water deficiency caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG). It is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer and induces water deficit conditions. Its application is useful to induce drought stress in different plant varieties. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of different concentrations of polyethylene glycol on the antioxidant system of Vigna radiata seeds. The polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and proline content increased with the increment of water stress induced by polyethylene glycol. Enhanced activities of antioxidants could either be a response to the cellular damage induced by the stressors or a mechanism towards the damages. Obtained results of this research indicated that the activities of PPO, POD and proline had significant increase in the plants under the treatment of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Fungal exudate is the phenomenon that involves the exudation of water and metabolites produced by fungal cells, Fungal exudates are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications. Exudates are a prevalent phenomenon in the fungal domain, influenced by various factors, such as the composition of the growth medium and incubation temperature. Filamentous fungi, renowned for their extensive metabolic capabilities, release exudates that act as reservoirs for a wide range of bioactive compounds. These exudates, often underexplored, contain diverse secondary metabolites and proteins with significant biological activities. From Centella asiatica, 30 fungal isolates were obtained, of which 12 were analyzed based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Among these, Talaromyces verruculosus and Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited exudate production. SEM analysis highlighted the structural morphology of the fungi, while ATR- FTIR revealed the presence of diverse functional groups, indicative of a complex chemical composition, Exudates from T. verruculosus exhibited hydroxyl (-OH) stretch, isothiocyanate (-NCS), conjugated alkene, allenes, amines, and aliphatic iodo compounds. In contrast, P. chrysogenum exudates contained secondary amines, carbodiimides,...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
The objective of this investigation was to synthesize spirothiazolidinone-chalcone derivatives and evaluate them for anti-inflammatory action. Five 4-substituted benzaldehydes were utilized for the aldol condensation leading to chalcones of spirothiazolidinone. The compounds were obtained in yield of 64-72% and displayed varying solubility with all compounds soluble in chloroform and DMSO. The NMR spectra revealed protons of amine, imine, hydroxy and aromatic groups. The presence of the molecular ion peak of the isotopic peak was found in the mass spectra of the compounds confirming the formation of the compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the albumin denaturation method and antiprotease method. All the compounds exhibited dose dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation with 7d having the highest capacity to cause the inhibition (61.56 ± 1.033 %) at the concentration of 500µg/mL. The antiprotease action was also dose dependent and 7d at 500µg/mL was able to inhibit (46.32±3.011 %) of protease activity. The type of substitution on the chalcone phenyl ring played a vital role in the activity of the compounds....
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
The delineation, characterization, and fingerprint profiling of metabolites derived from Siddha formulations are pivotal in advancing drug development and substantiating time-honored evidence-based medicinal practices. This study employs an untargeted metabolomics approach utilizing High Resolution Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS) to investigate the Siddha herbal formulation ‘Vaasathi kashayam,’ as documented in the classical text ‘Agasthiyar 2000,’ specifically indicated for Raththa kothippu noi (systemic hypertension). Among the 32 categories of internal medicines, Kashayam or Kudineer is a decoction characterized by a limited shelf life of merely three hours. Vaasathi kashayam is freshly prepared from equal proportions of Justicia adhatoda L. (Acanthaceae) leaves and Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) dried fruits. Compounds isolated via Q-TOF liquid chromatography were analyzed through mass spectrometry, with their mass values confirmed through database searches. Approximately 20 metabolites were identified in both solvent A (0.1% formic acid aqueous solution) and solvent B (acetonitrile), including notable compounds such as Peganine (a vasicine-quinazoline alkaloid), Jatrophone (a macrocyclic diterpenoid), Kuwanon Z (a flavan), and Isoacteoside (a hydrocinnamic acid). The classification of these...
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