Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
A simple, accurate, precise, and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for determination of Apixaban (API) in bulk drug and the pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. The separation was performed on aluminum plates, pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase using toluene: methanol (7:3 v/v), as mobile phase. Densitometric measurement of the API was carried out at 290 nm. The retention factor (Rf) was found to be 0.62 ± 0.04. The method was successfully validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q2 (R1). The calibration curve was linear in range 50-300 ng/band. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.272 and 0.824 ng/band, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated by recovery studies and intra-day and inter-day precision studies, respectively (standard deviation for precision studies was found to be less than 2). The developed method was used to analyze marketed formulation samples (tablet) of the API. The API was subjected to various stress conditions as per ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. In...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Tinospora cordifolia is a requisite medicinal plant, has been used for the treatment of various diseases and has been recommended for improving the immune system mentioned in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine as a monoherbal or polyherbal preparation. Nonetheless, Ayurvedic and other ancient literature reported that Tinospora cordifolia growing on neem plant gives better immunomodulatory activity. The traditional and scientific data comprising immunomodulatory potential, pharmacognostic description, therapeutic uses, phytochemical constitution, of Tinospora cordifolia and neem guduchi using the aqueous extract in the form of satwa has well established. The present study evaluates the comparative immunomodulatory activity using satwa of Tinospora cordifolia and neem guduchi using in-vitro models, for understanding the influence of edaphic factors on biologically active compounds. Evaluation of the immuno-modulatory potential of the guduchi satwa and neem guduchi satwa at the dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight was done in rats; assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by assessment of neutrophil adhesion whereas phytochemical profile was established by HPTLC method. Simultaneously, the correlation...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Green tea represents a popular beverage worldwide due to its high polyphenol and antioxidant activity. It is commonly brewed along with vitamin C source which plays a positive role in maintaining its antioxidant potential. Orange juice can serve as an excellent medium for supplementation of green tea for the formulation of nutraceutical nectar by enriching drink with vitamin C and overcoming the astringent taste of tea. Therefore, the present study was planned to develop nutraceutical nectar by blending green tea with orange juice at 60, 50, 40 and 30% levels while orange juice and green tea served as control. The formulations were analyzed for their sensory as well as nutritional properties. Among all the samples, the highest values for ash content, ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity, and TSS were recorded for orange juice. Green tea displayed the highest values for total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH, TEAC), moisture content and pH compared to other blends. Blending green tea with an increasing concentration of orange juice resulted in a...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Oxidative stress has been recommended as a contributory factor in complication and progression of diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Rhizophora mucronata Leaves on streptozotocin generated oxidative stress induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, diabetic untreated and diabetic treated with ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves (ERML) at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of STZ 60 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The body weight, plasma glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid as well as total protein along with oxidative stress parameters were investigated in various groups of rats. Histopathological analyses were also conducted on the kidney tissues. In STZ treated rats LPO were increased whereas the level of SOD, CAT and GSH were decreased significantly. ERML at 250 and 500 mg/kg, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly improve all levels as compared to diabetic rats. Destruction of the liver architecture of the hepatocytes in the diabetic...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment. The antidiabetic treatment found to delays the impairment. However, the benefit is due to antidiabetic drugs, or control of blood sugar is debatable. Most of the drug-based studies used monotherapy, which contradicts the clinical practice. This study aims to assess cognitive function in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients on metformin and other oral hypoglycaemic agent combination treatment. The cross-sectional study included 325 type 2 diabetes patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were categorized based on a combination of oral antidiabetics. Socio-demographic and medication data were obtained using medical records and personal interviews. Mini-Mental State Examination Scale- Tamil version (MMSE) was applied to measure the cognitive functions. Aged patients showed a reduced MMSE score of 18.18 ± 1.34. Increased duration of diabetes, >15 years, had the least MMSE score of 21.36 ± 1.37. Metformin-DPP-IV inhibitors combination found to benefit the cognition MMSE score = 29.11 ± 0.19 (P<0.001), compared to alpha glucosidase-metformin and thiazolidinedione- metformin combinations. A similar observation was...
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