Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Euphorbia resinifera Berg. (ER) an endemic Moroccan plant has been used to treat different diseases. In spite of its toxicological potential, no scientific report until now was made to evaluate in-vivo neither the toxic effect nor its immunomodulatory activity. The objective was to evaluate the safety of an aqueous extract (AE) of ER in-vivo and its effect on the biochemical, immunological and histopathological parameters. The AE was administrated in single oral dose (5g/kgbw) for the acute toxicity tests given daily by gavages at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, or 5 g/kg for 28 consecutive days. Serum was analyzed for creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Histopathological examination of liver, kidneys, and spleen was done at the end of the study. The immunological effect was tested by the evaluation of antibodies production and the level of the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. No signs of toxicity or deaths were observed in mice treated by a single dose. In the sub-acute toxicity tests, no visible toxic effects were observed at 0.1-1 g/kg...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Datura stramonium (L.), a multipurpose plant of Himalayan regions which possess antiseptic, sedative, antidiarrhoeal properties used for treating various diseases which include treatment of ulcer, skin disorder, jaundice, fever, heart diseases, etc. To evaluate the temperature stress-mediated morphological, physiochemical, and antioxidative defense in Datura stramonium, plants were subjected to different temperature conditions (High temperature and Low temperature). The seedlings were exposed to five temperature conditions (50 °C, 40 °C, 30 °C, 20 °C, and 10°C). Seedlings grown at 25 °C were treated as control. Temperature treatment significantly decreased stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area both in high temperature as well as low-temperature stress. Phytochemicals as carbohydrate, protein, alkaloids, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherol and enzymatic antioxidants, i.e. superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase, and DPPH increased tremendously with both temperature stresses in comparison to the control. Carotenoids and chlorophyll found increased in low temperature whereas decreased in high temperature stressed plants. HPLC analysis of secondary metabolites revealed higher alkaloids (Atropine, Scopolamine) content in high...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Gynura crepioides, also known as Okinawa Spinach, belongs to the family Asteraceae, which is known to possess various medicinal properties. The present study was thus aimed at determining the GC-MS based chemical profiling, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anti-oxidant (AO) capacity of the organic crude extracts such as hexane, chloroform-ethyl acetate, obtained from the extraction of the leaves of G. crepioides by application of Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride calorimetric method and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. The results obtained from UV-VIS microplate spectrophotometer indicated a high amount of phenolic and flavonoid content in the leaves. Ethyl acetate extract was found to display highest TPC (10.09 ± 0.20 mg GAE/g) and TFC (9.56 ± 0.22 mg QE/g). Interestingly, ethyl acetate extract also displayed highest AO capacity with IC50 value of 0.74 mg/mL as compared to chloroform and hexane extracts with IC50 values of 0.90 mg/mL and 1.50 mg/mL, respectively with respect to the standard BHT (IC50=0.04 mg/mL). GC-MS revealed the presence of sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexylisohexyl ester...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for obtaining the maximum yield and content of phenolic compounds of Ammi visnaga extracts (EAV). Three independent variables including ethanol concentration (%), extraction time (time) and solvent-to-material ration (mL/g) were studied. The results showed that the optimal UAE condition was obtained with an ethanol concentration of 76%, an extraction time of 36 min and a solvent-to-material ratio of 13 mL/g for total phenols. Ethanol concentration, extraction time and solvent-to-material ratio was respectively 79%, 38 min and 11 mL/g for the maximum yield. The experimental values under optimal conditions were in good consistent with the predicted values, confirming the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM for optimization of the extraction...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Off-label use is defined as the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or unapproved age group, dose, dosage or route of administration. An off-label use provides the best intervention for the patient when medical evidence justifies its use, but this can also be harmful due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions when lacking a solid evidentiary basis. Hence, the aim was to assess the use of off-label drugs, observe and document the ADRs, and to find the medical evidence for the same. An observational study was conducted in PSG hospitals from January 2017- September 2017 which included patients prescribed with at least one drug for their medical condition. Patient’s information was collected from the medical records and was referenced against the FDA label. Of the total 1646 prescriptions, 54.7% of prescriptions were off-label. Of the total of 10430 medications, 10.40% were off-label. The most common type of off-label drug use was an unapproved indication (74%) followed by unapproved drug (24%). Around 80% of the off-label...
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