Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (CBZ) is a muscle relaxant. It has 33% bioavailability due to its first pass effect and hence posses problems in the development of oral sustained release formulations. Mucoadhesive thermo reversible in-situ nasal gel of Cyclobenzaprine HCl was designed and developed to sustain its release due to the increased nasal residence time of the formulation. Poloxamer 407 (PF 127) was selected as it has excellent thermo sensitive gelling properties. HPMCK4M was added to impart mucoadhesive to the formulation, and PEG 400 was used to enhance the drug release. 32 Factorial designs were employed to assess the effect of concentration of HPMCK4M and PEG 400 on the performance of in-situ nasal gel systematically and to optimize the formulation. An optimized in-situ nasal gel was evaluated for appearance, pH, drug content, gelation temperature, mucoadhesive force, viscosity and ex-vivo permeability of drug through nasal mucosa of a goat. Additionally, this formulation was proved to be safe as histopathological studies revealed no deleterious effect on nasal mucosa of a goat after prolonged...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Biofilms are protective organic extracellular polymeric substances secreted by a microbial population which prevents the penetration of antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics. The existence of biofilms has become a significant problem in the case of infections as well as industrial processes. Although, biofilms may act as an advantage to the microbial community, they are found to cause food spoilage, unpleasant odors, pipe blockage, infections, etc. Biofilms play a crucial role in causing persistent UTIs which undergo frequent relapses, seen most commonly in women, children and aging adults. In the present investigation, bacterial samples isolated from UTI samples of infected patients were characterized. The capacity of the UTI isolates to form biofilms is analyzed using biofilm assay done by subjection of samples to primary and secondary screening by ELISA plate reader. Further on, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), an autoinducer responsible for the formation of biofilms in gram-negative bacteria was extracted and estimated colorimetrically and spectroscopically by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The AHL that was extracted showed a characteristic...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
The present research focuses on the screening of phytochemicals from an Indian medicinal plant Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. by both qualitative and quantitatively and biological activities. Different solvent extracts were prepared and used for this study such as hexane, chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals revealed that the methanolic extract comprises alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids than the other extracts. Further, in-vitro antibacterial activity was studied by well diffusion method using four different human pathogens viz. Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Followed by, 3 different in-vitro antioxidant activities were performed in 5 different plant extracts. The antioxidant study revealed that the methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant activity than the others which indicate that methanol extract played an essential role in biological activities. Thus, Diospyros melanoxylon could be effectively employed as an ingredient in health or functional food to alleviate oxidative stress and related health...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Objective: The objective of the current investigation is to study the combined influence of sodium alginate, uriddall mucilage and calcium chloride on drug encapsulation efficiency and particle size of microspheres. Zidovudine-loaded sodium alginate based uriddall mucilage microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Further, optimization of the formulation was done using a three-factor, three levels of Box-Behnken design (BBD). Microspheres were subjected to surface morphology and in-vitro dissolution studies. Sodium alginate alone or in combination with uriddall mucilage and calcium chloride has a substantial influence on encapsulation efficiency and particle size of microspheres. Optimized formulation was obtained using desirability approach of numerical optimization. The experimental values of drug encapsulation efficiency and particle size for the optimized formulation were found to be 83.12 ± 1.38%, and 846.56 ± 2.56 μm respectively, which were in close agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. The drug release was also found to be slow and extended for more than 12 h, and release rates were fitted to the Power law equation...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
After an increasing concern of sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics in poultry to treat enteric and other infections, an interest in alternative and efficient products with antibacterial properties has increased. From ancient time, the plants are constantly contributing as a useful source for the therapeutic and pharmaceutically important compounds. In this study, we therefore tested for the presence of important phytochemicals and antibacterial potential of Curcuma longa and Curcuma aromatica rhizome extracts against poultry enteric pathogens. Pharmaceutically important phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenols, glucosides, etc. were found to be present in extracts of C. longa and C. aromatica. The extracts of C. aromatica exhibited excellent inhibitory action against Escherichia coli and Salmonella entertidis. However, C. longa extracts showed zone of inhibition against E. coli alone. This study provides significant insight into therapeutic application of Curcuma spp. against enteric poultry pathogens, suggesting it’s potential as an alternative to antibiotics and opens the way for further use in poultry feed for effective...
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