Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Among different routes of drug delivery buccal route is an attractive alternate for drug administration which provides improved patient compliance and increase bioavailability of drugs undergoing extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. The present research work focussed on development, evaluation and characterization of buccal patches of losartan potassium using mucoadhesive hydrophilic polymers such as fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM), tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (NaCMC) and propylene glycol as plasticizer. Losartan potassium is an angiotensin II type – 1(AT1) receptor antagonist used in treating hypertension. The plasma t1/2 of the drug is 1.5 to 2.5 h as it undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism which reduces the bioavailability of the drug up to 33%. The mucoadhesive buccal patches were prepared by solvent casting technique and were evaluated for various physico mechanical parameters like weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, surface pH, moisture content, moisture absorption, % swelling and mucoadhesion studies. In-vitro drug release study was carried out using commercial semi permeable membrane. Ex-vivo drug permeation study was...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Counterfeit and substandard pharmaceutical products circulate widely in developing countries, yet adequate techniques to monitor quality is lacking. We report herein a quick and reliable approach to predict the in-vitro bioequivalence and interchangeability of common antibiotics using nine model drugs; four brands of azithromycin and five brands of clarithromycin tablets marketed in Nigeria. Pharmacopoeia guidelines (British and United States) were used to assess tablet quality such as friability, disintegration and dissolution times. All the brands tested passed the British Pharmacopoeia standard for disintegration time and their hardness and friability values were also considered adequate. There were no significant differences in the dissolution profiles of the brands, however, the azithromycin brands released >70% of the active drug within 30 min. The calculated similarity factor values for the azithromycin and clarithromycin brands were between 61 to 100 and 46 to 100 respectively. Based on the in-vitro tests, all the brands of azithromycin were considered bioequivalent with the innovator brand. However, only one brand had a similarity factor very close to that...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
The clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids is dependent on its potency and on its ability to be absorbed in to the skin and therefore, reach its site of action. Colloidal drug carriers such as solid lipid nanoparticles could target glucocorticoids to the epidermis, where the anti-inflammatory action takes place. Topical corticosteroids have long been the chronic stage in the treatment of steroid responsive dermatitis. Creams containing Clobetasol-17-propionate (CP) as active ingredients are categorized as super potent class I topical dermatological corticosteroids. For the drug molecule to reach the cutaneous microcirculation, enhance, the systemic circulation, have to transverse both the lipophilic stratum cornium and much more viable epidermis. Various formulations of solid lipid nanoparticles were formulated using various ingridients viz. Compritol 888 ATO, lutrol F68, tween 80 etc. the cream formulations were evaluated as there pH, drug content, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and percent drug release. In-vitro diffusion study using cellophane membrane as well as rat skin mounted in Franz diffusion cell. CP was analyzed spectrophotometrically at 240...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Synthetic organic compounds, containing relatively higher number of nitrogen attracting interest in the current medical research due to their utility in chemotherapy. The development of new medicines with more number of nitrogen atoms in their structural framework is an important challenging task for medicinal chemists. The lipophilicity of Mannich bases and their metal complexes enables them to be more potent novel medicines and acquire huge interest among medicinal chemists. We report here the synthesis of novel lead structure of new Mannich base and its complexeswith the variety of transition metals such as Co(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and evaluated them for DPPH free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. As the Mannich base from the combinations 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, morpholine and nicotinamide was not yet reported, the new Mannich base, N-[Morpholino(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]nicotinamide (NMN), was synthesized from this combination. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using various analytical (Chemical assays, Elemental analysis and TLC) and spectral studies (FT-IR, UV-Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Infectious bronchitis virus causes infectious bronchitis in chickens. Variant 2 is a virulent strain circulating in the Middle East, Iraq is one of them, which harbor the strain at high rate causes a severe economic loos. Sequences of variable S1 glycoprotein were collected, consensus sequence derived and used in computational epitope vaccine design. The results gave one B cell epitope “DFMYGSYHPKCDFRPETIN” with very high antigenic score. T cell (CTL) epitope prediction produced four epitopes “QTQTAQSGY, FNFSFLSSF, FSFLSSFVY, NSLSVSLAY” with desirable criteria and react with many MHC I alleles, and docked with BF2*21:01 and BF2.0401 chicken MHC I molecules. T helper cell epitopes prediction gave eight epitopes “GYYNFNFSFLSSFVY, KFIVYRETSVNTTLV, LTNFTFTNVSNALPN, TG GVNTINIYQTQTA, TINIYQTQTAQSGYY, YNFNFSFLSSFVYKQ, NNGL WFNSLSVSLAY, NGLWFNSLSVSLAYG” reacting with many MHC II alleles. These epitopes can be used for preparation of vaccine to be investigated in wet lab...
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