Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and therapeutic potential of various solvent extracts of Mallotus roxburghianus both in-vitro and in-vivo. Free radicals scavenging activities of various extracts were determined in a cell free system and the hepatoprotective effects was investigated in doxorubicin induced oxidative stress in Swiss Albino mice by estimating various antioxidant activities using standard methodology. Different extracts of M. roxburghianus inhibited the generation of ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline- 6- sulfonic acid), DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and superoxide anions in a concentration dependent manner and the aqueous extract showed the highest scavenging activities with IC50 of 87.38 ± 0.69 μg/ml, 3.24 ± 0.21 μg/ml and 92.65 ± 1.18 μg/ml for ABTS, DPPH and superoxide radicals, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed that aqueous extract possessed the highest phenolic (347.6 ± 2.9 mg GAE/g dry extract) and flavonoid (68.80 ± 0.11 mg quercetin/g dry extract) contents. The free radicals scavenging activity was significantly correlated with phenolic (r2 = 1.00; p<0.001) and flavonoid (r2 = 1.00; p<0.001) contents...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
Synthesis and anti-mycobacterial activity of some novel derivatives of anacardic acid viz., 2-Ethoxy-6-pentadecyl benzamide (APHK-1), 1-(2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzyl)-4-hydroxy ethylpiperazine (APHK-2), 1- (2-hydroxy-6-pentadecyl)- N- (hydroxyl ethylaminoethyl) benzamide (APHK-3) and compounds 20-34 from saturated anacardic acid which was obtained from natural product cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is reported. Anti-mycobacterial activity was performed using Mycobaterium smegmatis mc2 155, taking anacardic acid and ethambutol as standards. Of all the derivatives, 1-(2-hydroxy-6-pentadecyl)-N-(hydroxyethylaminoethyl) benzamide exhibited good anti-mycobacterial...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Today, globally many therapeutic approaches are being innovated to decrease the postprandial glucose levels and adsorption through the inhibition of enzymes, α– amylase and α– glucosidase. Presently, these two enzymes offer for the maintenance of glucose levels in diabetic patients by hydrolyzing the carbohydrates ingested in the food. The aim of the present study was to screen the three different extracts, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and benzene of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds for its in-vitro antidiabetic activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The obtained results showed that all the three extracts had high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory affect than the alpha-amylase inhibition when compared with the standard acarbose values. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of all the extracts showed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids in all extracts. These secondary metabolites can serve to maintain the glucose level in the blood and hence act as hypoglycemic...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
The Bacillus subtilis is anaerobic gram-positive, dominant and non-pathogenic bacterial workhorses in industrial fermentations. In present work, B. subtilis LC4 cultured on a number of combinations of TY-medium with peels and peeled-off rotten potatoes to investigate its growth and level of secondary metabolites production including acetic acid. Cell culture was harvested after 42 and 62 h and maximum growth rate was observed in LB5 (peeled off potato extract) and LBo (TY-medium) cultures, while culture OD600 was low at 62h of all. It might be reduced with the shortage of nutrients in the medium that lead to killing of cells. Reducing sugars and total proteins were observed higher (p≤0.05) but reversed in both harvests to the decreasing rate of cell growth or multiplication rate of all cultures. Similar trend in production of acetic acid was also noted (p≤0.05) in all cultures. Increasing level of reducing sugars concentration among the culture indicates the cells are growing under nutritional stress. Meanwhile production of acetic acid along the higher concentrations of reducing sugars...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
Crystal structures of target are an indispensible tool in modern methods of rational drug design and discovery. Hence, judicious selection of crystal structures for virtual screening and ligand docking is essential. In recent times, a number of new chemical entities (NCEs) have been introduced into the drug discovery pipeline with these methods in treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme splits an incretin based glucoregulatory hormone glucagon like peptide -1(GLP-1) from N-terminal of peptide, where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline. Several DPP 4 inhibitors, “gliptins”, are approved for management of type 2 diabetes or are under clinical trials. Crystal structures of DPP 4 have been released by various research groups that may assist rapid discovery of new DPP 4 inhibitors. 18 crystal structures of DPP 4 bound to various inhibitors are analyzed in the present work to gain insight into interactions between the protein and ligands. Chemically all DPP 4 inhibitors are diverse in nature but occupy same binding site. Key amino...
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