Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Today, globally many therapeutic approaches are being innovated to decrease the postprandial glucose levels and adsorption through the inhibition of enzymes, α– amylase and α– glucosidase. Presently, these two enzymes offer for the maintenance of glucose levels in diabetic patients by hydrolyzing the carbohydrates ingested in the food. The aim of the present study was to screen the three different extracts, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and benzene of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds for its in-vitro antidiabetic activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The obtained results showed that all the three extracts had high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory affect than the alpha-amylase inhibition when compared with the standard acarbose values. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of all the extracts showed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids in all extracts. These secondary metabolites can serve to maintain the glucose level in the blood and hence act as hypoglycemic...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
The Bacillus subtilis is anaerobic gram-positive, dominant and non-pathogenic bacterial workhorses in industrial fermentations. In present work, B. subtilis LC4 cultured on a number of combinations of TY-medium with peels and peeled-off rotten potatoes to investigate its growth and level of secondary metabolites production including acetic acid. Cell culture was harvested after 42 and 62 h and maximum growth rate was observed in LB5 (peeled off potato extract) and LBo (TY-medium) cultures, while culture OD600 was low at 62h of all. It might be reduced with the shortage of nutrients in the medium that lead to killing of cells. Reducing sugars and total proteins were observed higher (p≤0.05) but reversed in both harvests to the decreasing rate of cell growth or multiplication rate of all cultures. Similar trend in production of acetic acid was also noted (p≤0.05) in all cultures. Increasing level of reducing sugars concentration among the culture indicates the cells are growing under nutritional stress. Meanwhile production of acetic acid along the higher concentrations of reducing sugars...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
Crystal structures of target are an indispensible tool in modern methods of rational drug design and discovery. Hence, judicious selection of crystal structures for virtual screening and ligand docking is essential. In recent times, a number of new chemical entities (NCEs) have been introduced into the drug discovery pipeline with these methods in treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme splits an incretin based glucoregulatory hormone glucagon like peptide -1(GLP-1) from N-terminal of peptide, where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline. Several DPP 4 inhibitors, “gliptins”, are approved for management of type 2 diabetes or are under clinical trials. Crystal structures of DPP 4 have been released by various research groups that may assist rapid discovery of new DPP 4 inhibitors. 18 crystal structures of DPP 4 bound to various inhibitors are analyzed in the present work to gain insight into interactions between the protein and ligands. Chemically all DPP 4 inhibitors are diverse in nature but occupy same binding site. Key amino...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
The optimized microparticles of Verapamil hydrochloride entrapped in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (Verapamil HCl-PLGA) was prepared through solvent displacement method and lyophilization. The optimization parameters for the formulation include particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The final product was further characterized based on percent particle recovery, redispersibility, percent drug loading, drug release kinetics, and morphology. Increasing the PLGA 75:25 concentrations resulted to an increase in the particles size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency, and a decrease in zeta potential. The increase in poloxamer 188 concentration led to a decrease in zeta potential and an increase in the entrapment of the drug. Lastly, the increase in the pH of the non-solvent phase resulted to an increase in particle size. The addition of sucrose led to an unfavorable increase in the particle size and polydispersity index and a decrease in zeta potential and entrapment efficiency after lyophilization. The final product of the process was a heterogeneous sized (<10µm) irregularly shaped particles with an acceptable particle recovery, redispersibility, and percentage drug loading,...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2018 in |
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba is widely used by people and is found to have multiple medicinal utilities. Four (chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous) extracts of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba fruit were therefore, analysed by Gas Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis to assess their phytochemical constituents. The chloroform extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba fruits showed the presence of thirty one phytochemical constituents of which the major phytochemical compounds were Tetracontane and Stigmasterol. The ethyl acetate extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba fruit showed the presence of fifty phytochemical constituents. The important phytochemical compounds were stigmasterol and 4-tert-butylcalix [4] arene. Thirty eight phytochemicals were reported in the methanolic extract. The most important ones in term of peak area and retention time were mome inositol and 7-tetradecenal (Z). Mome inositol and 10, 12- Hexadecadien-1-ol was the primary components in a total of 30 phytochemicals obtained from the aqueous...
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