Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
Background: The limited evidence of the critical role of clinical pharmacists in Egyptian teaching hospitals led to the fact that critical care pharmacists’ responsibilities are still focused on dispensing and drug distribution. Objective: Assess the important role of clinical pharmacy service activities in an Egyptian intensive care unit (ICU) by describing the impact of medication errors on clinical outcome of critically ill-patients with renal insufficiency. Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study was carried out over a five months period on patients admitted to ICU with estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 50 ml/min on admission and known to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patient records, physician orders, pharmacy and nursing notes of 69 patients were collected and reviewed by a clinical pharmacist. Medication errors were assessed. Main outcome measure was Length of ICU stay and mortality. Results: One hundred and seventeen MEs were identified; prescribing errors (58.9%), wrong administration technique (17.9%), drug-preparation errors (11.9%) and monitoring errors (11.1%). Errors in renal dose adjustment were the most frequent prescribing errors...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
The purpose of this study was to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble Nicardipine hydrochloride with cyclodextrin complexation by using different techniques like physical mixing, solvent evaporation and kneading method. Nicardipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker. It is belonging to BCS class – II having poor solubility and high permeability. It is used to treat Angina having low bioavaibility about 10 – 40% orally is attributed to the hepatic first pass metabolism. The present invention relates to the inclusion complex made by β-Cyclodextrins and the methods for enhancing the bioavailability of Nicardipine hydrochloride. Solid inclusion complexes were prepared by conventional methods like physical mixing, solvent evaporation and kneading techniques. Optimized complex was characterized by using powder X-ray diffractometer and FTIR. Ex-vivo studies showed that the dissolution rate of Nicardipine hydrochloride was significantly improved by the complexation with β-cyclodextrin with respect to the drug alone. Physical mixing method showed highest dissolution rate than the other...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
This study was carried out to investigate the acute oral toxicity LD50 of an anti-neoplastic and a chemotherapeutic agent hydroxyurea in male albino mice by using up α Down method. The result revealed that LD50 of hydroxyurea was (7868.5 mg/kg. b.w). Orally after 24 h of exposure. That’s mean it is slightly toxic agent. To study the effect of lethal doses of hydroxyurea on the some of blood parameters, two survival animals were taken from this study which was received (7000 mg/kg. b.w and 7500 mg/kg. b.w ) orally and compared with normal values of blood parameters in male albino mice. The results revealed there is an increase in Hb comparing with the normal values and the increase was dose dependent manner, while the results showed decrease of RBCs, WBCs, PCV and lymphocytes in animals received hydroxyurea comparing with the normal values and the decrease was dose dependent...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
In this research work an attempt was made to formulate and evaluate in-situ gel for the intranasal delivery of montelukast sodium for the effective treatment of asthma. Thermally gelling in-situ gel formulations for nasal administration were prepared by using polymers such as poloxamer 407 and HPMC K4M in varying concentrations by using cold method. The formulated in-situ gels were evaluated for clarity, pH, gelation temperature, gel strength, viscosity, drug content and in-vitro drug diffusion studies. The drug-polymer compatibility was determined by using FTIR studies. On the basis of clarity studies formulations F3, F4, F5 and F6 were selected for further evaluation testing because all of these formulations were found clear in appearance as compared to formulations F1 and F2 which showed hazy appearance and thus rejected. Further the drug release data obtained from the selected formulations were fitted to various kinetic models such as zero order, first order and Higuchi matrix kinetic models. Finally, based on the results obtained from all the evaluation parameters formulations F5 and F6 were...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
Endophyte fungi reside in the tissues beneath the epidermal cell layers and live within a plant for at least part of its life without causing apparent diseases. Eight morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were selected from the medicinal plants Elaeocarpus sphaericus coded as ELSPF 1 to 4 and Myristica fragrans coded as MYFRF 1 to 4. The highest colonization frequencies (CF %) were found to be 12.69%, and 8.33% for ELSPF 1 and MYFRF 2. Internal transcribed spacer- polymerase chain was performed for molecular identification and ~600 bp amplified products were obtained. The sequences were analysed by BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with neighbour joining method. The fungi were cultured on Potato Dextrose broth for production metabolites. The metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and constituent phytochemicals were analyzed. The crude extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. The test organisms used for the antimicrobial activity studies were E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebliella pneumonia. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytic fungi showed...
Read More
