Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Introduction: There are numerous animal models available for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a fully convincing model for PCOS reflecting all pathologic condition of PCOS seen in humans is not available due to difficulties in inducing all pathologies in rat models. If so, it will help to test drug to treat PCOS. The main goal of this study is to create a new model to reflect all pathologic conditions of PCOS seen in humans using non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole and fructose in rats. Methods: Twelve rats were divided into two groups containing 6 rats each. Vehicle control group rats received 1% aqueous solution of carboxmethlycellulose (CMC) once daily orally for 28 days and PCOS group was administered letrozole at a concentration of 1 mg/kg dissolved in 1% CMC p.o. once daily for 28 days. Along with these rats were allowed free access of 10% fructose solution daily. During experimental period, vaginal smears were collected daily for estrus cycle determination. Rats were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for hormonal and...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Introduction: Despite the traditional focus on adverse drug reactions, pharmacovigilance centres have recently been identified as a potentially rich and important source of medication error (ME) data. The aim of this study is to identify ME from adverse drug reaction (ADRs) reports. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of ADR reports notified to adverse drug reaction monitoring centre of tertiary care teaching hospital and medical college during January 2014 to December 2016 was done. Those reports which had inappropriate information were excluded. Result: A total of 651 reports met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, The mean age and weight of patients experienced ADRs due to ME was 32.6 ± 16.1 years and 51.9 ± 17.3 kg respectively, among which 35 men and 39 women. Regarding type of medication errors, most of them were related to monitoring errors (56.2%) followed by prescribing errors (37.5%). Considering categories of ME, 73.4% was into category E which was related to temporary harm to the patient. Majority of ADR reports were mild in...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
The aim of this study was to compare the phytochemical composition, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of aerial and underground parts of Betula utilis. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the three parts indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, proteins, amino acids, anthraquinone glycosides and steroids. Total phenolic content determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method ranged from 0.03 ± 0.003 to 33.6 ± 2.1, 0.34 ± 0.02 to 23.6 ± 0.67 and 0.08 ± 0.005 to 16.9 ± 1.9 mg/g of dry weight of roots, leaf and bark extracts, respectively, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid contents as measured by aluminium chloride method ranges from 0.2 ± 0.003 to 7.3 ± 0.31, 0.3 ± 0.08 to 4.3 ± 0.08 and 0.3 ± 0.008 to 1.3 ± 0.03 mg/g of dry weight of leaves, bark and root extracts respectively, expressed as rutin equivalents. The results showed that TPC and TFC values were higher in methanol extract of root (33.6 ± 2.1) and...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the antioxidant property of different extracts obtained from successive extraction of Annona reticulata L. leave with solvents of increasing polarity. Effort also has been made to estimate the flavonoid and phenolics content of the extracts. Method: The antioxidant activity has been studied in-vitro by using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide-scavenging assay. Results: DPPH, H2O2 and Nitric-oxide scavenging effect of Annona reticulata L. leaf extracts were found to be dose dependant with maximum inhibition at highest concentration. Methanolic extract of the leaves of Annona reticulata Linn. is found to have most potent anti-oxidant activity in DPPH, H2O2 and nitric-oxide Radical scavenging methods. IC50 value DPPH, H2O2 and Nitric-oxide inhibition of methanolic extract at highest concentration (400µg/ml) are 62.58 ± 1.15, 68.27 ± 1.05 and 64.01 ± 1.02. Conclusion: The results suggest that all the tested extracts are having antioxidant property, but the methanol is having significantly higher flavonoid and phenol content. Due to presence of higher flavonoid and phenol...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Inflammation is a basic way in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury, the key feature being redness, warmth, swelling and pain. There was a need for synthesis of anti-inflammatory agents with increased potency. Pyrazoline (dihydro pyrazole) derivatives exhibit various biological activities. These derivatives are well known for their pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore such ring systems are of great interest in medicinal chemistry. A series of novel 1, 3, 5 trisubstituted-2-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized in a series of three steps. Firstly, acetophenone and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde were reacted in presence of sodium hydroxide with ethanol as the solvent leading to the formation of chalcones (1). These chalcones were reacted with hydrazine hydrate which formed the new cyclized product (2). Finally, the cyclized product was reacted with different substituted chlorides in presence of ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide to give the new 1, 3, 5 trisubstituted-2-pyrazoline derivatives (3a – 3j). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy and compounds of interest were characterized by (1H...
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