Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
Khat is chewed traditionally in Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen and Kenya. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is now becoming an everyday substance of abuse for the general population. Knowledge about the effects of khat chewing on blood glucose levels is very sparse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fresh juice of khat (Catha edulis) on blood glucose levels of normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixteen normal and 24 diabetic male wistar rats were studied. Diabetic rats were divided into three groups: group I were treated with 4.5 ml/kg of fresh juice of Catha edulis (N=8). Group II were treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (N=8), group III were treated with distilled water which served as controls. Normal rats were divided into two groups: group I were given 4.5 ml/kg of fresh juice of Catha edulis (N=8) and group II were given distilled water as a control. The rats in each group was orally administered with single dose of fresh juice, glibenclamide or distilled water daily and...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
The present study was aimed at induction of callus, micropropagation of Justicia wynaadensis (Nees) T. Anderson in vitro by using different explants and study of the phytocomponents present in the aqueous and methanol extracts of callus and leaf of in vitro propagated plants through GC-MS analysis. Callus was induced using MS basal medium supplemented with combinations of 2, 4-D, IAA and NAA growth hormones in various concentrations. For micropropagation hormone free MS basal medium and MS basal medium with BAP in various concentrations was used. Callus were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2, 4-D. In vitro shoots were initiated on hormone free MS basal medium and well developed multiple shoots were regenerated on MS basal medium containing 1mg/L BAP. Four different extracts were prepared from callus and leaf of in vitro obtained plants and their phytochemical composition were analyzed by GC-MS. The extracts revealed the presence of various phytocomponents, with therapeutically important properties....
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
Objective: To evaluate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia auriculata leaf extracts. Methods: Herbal extraction was done by Soxhlet extraction method with increasing polarity of Solvents viz., Chloroform, Ethanol, Methanol. Phytochemicals analysis was done using different biochemical tests. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts were analyzed by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, phosphor-molybdenum and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and anti inflammatory activity by using protein denaturation in vitro bioassay. Total phenolic content of each extract was also determined to assess their corresponding effect on antioxidant capacity of plant. Results: Phytochemicals analysis showed that each solvent extract contained broad spectrum of secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides, where as compared to other solvent extracts, chloroform extract showed little quantity of phenolic Compounds, methanol extract exhibited the highest phenolic content and the significant Antioxidant capacity based on the test performed. Out of all extracts, methanol extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The present study revealed that different solvent extracts of Cassia auriculata leaves contain broad spectrum of bioactive compounds. Results...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2017 in |
Highly substituted thiophene derivatives first synthesized by Gewald synthesis in 1965, are important heterocyclic compounds present in numerous biologically active compounds. The synthesis of title compounds was carried out by preparing derivatives of Gewald product. In the present study, a series of 2-aminothiophene derivatives were first prepared by Gewald reaction and further converted into 2-aminothiophene-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives. Knoevenagel condensation of aryl ketones (1a-1d) with ethylcyanoacetate and subsequent treatment of the α-β-unsaturated nitriles (2) with sulfur and amine resulted in the corresponding 2-aminothiophenes (3a-3d), which were used as a starting material for the synthesis of substituted Gewald products. In the subsequent steps (3a-3d) were converted into carbohydrazides (4a-4d). Substituted carbohydrazides were then converted into potassium aryl carbonyl hydrazine carbodithionate (5a-5d) which were further converted into final compound 2-amino thiophene-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives (6a-6d). The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by their spectral data (IR and 1H NMR...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2017 in |
Solubility of drug is considered to be one of the crucial parameter to achieve its desired concentration in systemic circulation and better pharmacological response. As most of the drugs available are poorly aqueous soluble, solubility enhancement has become major challenge to the formulators in the product development of many orally administered drugs. Therapeutic response of drug as well bioavailability can be limited by poor aqueous solubility of drugs. Earlier, many techniques have been developed for enhancing solubility of drugs. Apart from those, hydrotropic solubilization is one of the solubility enhancement techniques applicable to enhance solubility of hydrophobic drugs with the use of hydrotropes like sodium benzoate, urea, piperazine etc. In the present investigation Lumefantrine, an anti malarial drug was selected as model drug for the reason it has very low water solubility of 0.009 mg/ml and belongs to BCS Class IV. The key objective of current research work was to enhance aqueous solubility of this drug using hydrotropic solubilization technique. Solubility studies were performed using various concentrations of hydrotropes...
Read More
