Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
The Hypoxic Ventillatory Response (HVR) at high altitude was hypothesized to cause pharmacokinetics changes, especially metabolism of drugs due to the up regulation of CYP3A4 isoenzyme. These pharmacokinetic alteration could affect pharmacotherapy, probably lead to either sub therapeutic or supra therapeutic effects. This hypothesis was studied with a pop-PK study conducted in healthy male volunteers inhabited at geographically high altitude area. Firstly, the HVR was assessed by changes in partial pressures of blood gases, oxygen concentration in arterial blood, oxygen gradient in arterial-alveolar gas exchange and oxygen concentration of arterial blood. Secondly, the Probe drug Alprazolam 1mg oral single dose was given to find out the dysregulation of CYP3A4 and blood samples were analyzed for pharmacokinetic changes The pharmacokinetic variables such as Cmax, Tmax, AUC, Kel, MRT, t½ etc were significantly altered in study subjects. The Cmax and AUC values were significantly reduced in HVR group than non HVR group (21.26 ±1.40, p<0.05). The elimination and clearance were significantly increased in hypoxia group (p<0.05) whereas the Vd was not...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of plant kingdom, possesses high aesthetic, medicinal and economic value. However, medicinal properties of orchids has not been investigated to its fullest potential. Hence, an orchid of Arunachal Pradesh, Pleione maculata, which has not been studied from pharmacological and phytochemical view point so far, is selected for the study. The present study was conducted for antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity by bioassay guided fractionation. The whole plant material was divided into diethyl ether (Et2O), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous (Aq) fractions. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against three Gram negative and two Gram positive multi drug resistant clinical isolates. The antimycobacterial activity was performed by Colorimetric redox indicator assay against H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The screening result identified Et2O fraction as the most active fraction showing significant zone of inhibition against E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus sp. and moderate antimycobacterial activity (MIC value 104.16 μg/mL) against H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phytochemical screening of the fractions revealed the presence of...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
The anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Aerva lanata was studied in sheep with natural acute/sub-acute parasitic gastro-enteritis due primarily to mixed nematode species. Graded doses of the extract (100,200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o for five consecutive days) significantly reduced faecal egg counts in infected animals. The percentage reduction (96.1%) by 300 mg/kg of the extract was comparable to that of (5mg/kg) of Albendazole (94.3%).The administration of the extract resulted in improved haemoglobin and leucocytosis values in worm –infected...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
The aim of present work was to prepare Diltiazem HCl Fast Dissolving tablets by Direct compression method because of their convenience in administration and suitability for patients having dysphagia using Co-processed excipients – Disintequik MCC25, Disintequik MCC, Lubritose MCC, Lubritose SD, Lubritose AN, NF Fast flo Lactose Monohydrate modified spray dried. The Prepared powdered blend and tablets were evaluated for Pre compression parameters such as Angle of repose, Bulk density, Tapped density, Compressibility index, Hausners ratio and Post compression parameters such as Weight variation, Thickness, Hardness, Disintegration Time, Content uniformity, In-vitro Dissolution studies and Stability studies. All the parameters were within the limits. IR and DSC study showed that drug and excipients were compatible with each other. Twelve formulations were prepared by direct compression method in which F10 was the best formulation using Disintequik MCC25 at a concentration of 4% as it was disintegrated with in 30 sec and drug release was 99.88% over a period of 15 min. The wetting time and disintegration time decreases considerably with the...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
Modern organizations face increasing competition due to globalization, technological change, politics and economics. In order to cope with these, public organizations, including organizations at the central and local government levels, must improve their efficiency and performance to reflect the presence of organization in other countries. Leaders, therefore, must act more quickly in encouraging and motivating followers to achieve goals in groups and organizations; doing organizational transformation by explaining their vision in the future; and effectively driving employees growth. This study aims to investigate whether transformational leadership is associated with psychological empowerment, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. By using partial least squares (PLS) based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to analyze 244 employees working in Indonesian’s pharmaceutical sector, the results show that transformational leadership is significantly associated with psychological empowerment, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior as well as psychological empowerment is significantly associated with affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior; and at the same time, affective commitment is not significantly associated with organizational citizenship behavior. The findings imply...
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