Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker used in various cardiac diseases. It is associated with problem of short biological half life leading to high dosage frequency. Therefore, to ensure the controlled drug delivery systems of diltiazem the alginate-chitosan microspheres were prepared by Ionotropic gelation technique and characterized. The diltiazem hydrochloride SR microspheres were successfully formulated by Ionotropic gelation technique employing different proportions of sodium alginate, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K15M and carbopol 934 in various combinations. The prepared diltiazem hydrochloride microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, swelling index, Carr’s index, angle of repose, particle size, assay and in-vitro drug release. Further, the final optimized formulations were assessed for their compatibility studies using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and stability was assessed by conducting accelerated stability studies. All the diltiazem hydrochloride microsphere formulations were found have good flow properties. The mean particle size was found to be within a range of 6.1-to 9.2 μm and entrapment efficiency ranged from 70% to 94.6%. In-vitro drug release was found to...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
The immunomodulatory and antiulcerogenic activities of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) leaves were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the best results regarding to a high significant increase of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and reduction of ulcers number and severity compaered with Ranitidine. HPLC technique was used to investigate the phenolic contents in the most bioactive fraction of S. sempervirens (D. Don.) The results allowed the identification and quantification of 12 phenolic acids and 15 flavonoids (in mg /g dry powder ± SD), protocatechuic acid was the predominant phenolic acid (10.94 ± 1.22), followed by salicylic acid (4.52 ± 1.23), coumaric acid (4.42 ± 0.21) and sinapic acid(3.57 ± 0. 63). Vitexin showed the highest content of identified flavonoids (6.67± 1.21) followed by orientin (5.96 ± 1.18) and quercetin-3,7-di-O-glucoside (4.92± 0.73). Ten flavonoids named as isoorientin (luteolin-6-C-glucopyarnoside) (1) isovitexin (apigenin-6-C -glucopyarnoside) (2) orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucopyarnoside) (3) vicenin-II (6, 8- di-C-glucosylapigenin) (4) mangiferin (5) vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucopyarnoside) (6) protocatechuic acid (7) luteolin (8). apigenin (9)...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
In pharmaceutical industry, researchers aim at catering to the need of robust analytical methods for analysis of generic drug products. The paper deals with method of analysis of pharmaceutical formulation – Entacapone, Levodopa and Carbidopa tablets for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The paper presents a simple and efficient HPLC method that has been developed for a multi component drug formulation for estimation of % drug release of levodopa and carbidopa. This HPLC method uses ‘Cosmosil 5PE-MS 150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ’ HPLC column, combination of phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and methanol as mobile phase in gradient mode with UV detection at 280 nm. The method was validated and found to be precise, robust, accurate, linear (in range 0.020 to 0.40 mg/mL and 0.005 to 0.100 mg/mL of Levodopa and Carbidopa respectively), and specific for blank and placebo solution ensuring suitability of the method for quantitative determination of % drug release of Levodopa and Carbidopa in presence of Entacapone in multi component pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
Green nanotechnology is gaining importance due to the elimination of harmful chemicals and provides a safe, environmental friendly and economic method for synthesis of nanoparticles. In the present investigation fruit extract of Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Aqueous fruit extract were added to 1 mm silver nitrate solution by changing the colour of reaction mixture from colourless to brown colour indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles further, confirmed by characteristic UV-Vis absorption peak at 400 nm. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, EDAX, AFM and HR-TEM. The FTIR data revealed that bio-molecules involved in the reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles. The morphology of silver nanoparticles was determined by AFM and HR-TEM. The size of nanoparticles ranges between 10-50 nm. The EDX analysis confirmed the purity and elemental nature of silver. Synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity in combination with antibiotic against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
The hydroalcoholic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (HeNAT) leaf was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Memory impairment (amnesia) in male albino rats induced by scopolamine hydrochloride was recorded as transfer latency time (TLT) in EPM model; escape latency time (ELT) and time spent in Q4 target quadrant (TSTQ) in MWM model. Scopolamine markedly decreased the TLT over 2 min, ELT, TSTQ over 90 sec and consecutively impaired learning and memory. HeNAT leaf extract (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the TLT, ELT, TSTQ and improved memory. Higher levels of brain AChE, MDA and NO and lower level of GSH activity were observed in scopolamine treated rats, which were significantly attenuated by HeNAT leaf extract. It is concluded that the leaf extract exhibited a significant nootropic effect in scopolamine induced impairment of memory in rats. Nootropic effect of the plant leaf extract may be mediated through the inhibition of oxidative stress and due to presence of iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides which was reported to possess anti-cholinesterase...
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