Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Snakehead fish powder containing albumin has macromolecule size which is difficult to penetrate into membrane cell. So, It was formulated into nanoemulsion utilizing the best comparison of surfactant, co-surfactant and oil. Nanoemulsion of snakehead fish powder was characterized by particle size analyzer. The snakehead fish were extracted by atomizer (-40 °C, 1atm) to gain powder which was formulated into nanoemulsion by spontaneous emulsification method using the best comparison of oleic acid, propylene glycol and Tween 80 (1:10). Propylene glycol was added into Tween 80 and oleic acid and stirred until homogeneous mixture. Then water, containing 0.125% of snakehead fish powder, was added drop by drop until becoming a transparent solution by sonication. It was characterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and Particle Size Analyzer. The results of this research showed that snakehead fish nanoemulsion generated clear, stable, and translucent formula having the transmittance value of 100%. The characterization results described nanoemulsion had the average particle size of 147.63 nm. Meanwhile, the average of polydispersity index and zeta potential values were 0.234...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Polypharmacy may affect patient’s QOL. Polypharmacy has been shown to result in Unnecessary and/or inappropriate medication prescribing, increased risk for drug interactions and ADRs, Non adherence, and increased overall drug expenditures. That’s how poly pharmacy affects patient compliance. A retrospective study was conducted about the polypharmacy and medication compliance in patient with type 2 diabetes in various teaching hospitals of Lahore. 19% of patients were prescribed at least one diabetes related medicine and 81% was prescribed more than one diabetes related medicines. 100 patients surveyed were taking a ∑ of 4 medicines per patient to control diabetes and related comorbidities for a total of 378 medicines. Despite the complexity of medical regimens, patients reported high level of compliance for each diabetes related medicine 92% of the prescribed doses were taken with the 6% of missing doses. It was concluded that despite the complexity of medical regimens, patients reported high level of compliance for each diabetes related medicine. Patient’s perception of the immediate and future benefit of prescribed medication had...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Cisplatin is a cytotoxic drug which induced the hepatotoxicity in the albino mice when intra-peritoneally administered at the dose of 10mg/kg. Administration of cisplatin raised the level of LFT’s enzymes and also reduced the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of the mice. Administration of Cuminum cyminum, Phyllanthus emblicus extract and silymarin remarkably showed the hepatoprotective effect in the albino mice. Administration of C. cyminum, P. emblica and silymarin decreased the level of ALT, AST, and ALP along with increasing the level of Total protein content. It also increased the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice showing its hepatoprotective activity. We found C. cyminum has a better hepatoprotective effect than P....
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
The present study was planned with the aim to remove various dye decolorization using fungal strains. The fungi was isolated from soil samples collected from waste disposal areas and agricultural fields. Nine isolates were initially selected for testing their decolorization potential in the liquid medium. Three most effective strains were used to study the decolorization of four different dyes i.e Reactive Red, Navy Blue HER, Reactive Magenta B and Orange 3R. The strain belonging to Talaromyces funiculosum (M2F) was found to be the most potent strain. More than 70% decolorization was observed under optimal incubation conditions of temperature and pH. Overall, the dye decolorization was maximum at 250 mg/L dye concentrations at pH 5-6 under continuous shaking conditions. The culture conditions like pH, temperature, inoculum size and NaCl concentrations were also found effective in decolorization efficacy of the fungal strain which was studied using Response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab 16 software. Qualitative and quantitative assays for determining the production of lignolytic enzymes such as laccases and peroxidises by...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Pharmacovigilance can be helpful in defending consumers from harmful effects of medicines. Pharmacists should consider Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting as their professional obligation and should be aware of the existing pharmacovigilance mechanisms in their countries. Purpose: The present study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the pharmacists towards ADRs and pharmacovigilance in Basra Hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the province of Basra. All the pharmacists present in the Basra province during the study period were enrolled in the study and the convenience sampling technique was utilized for analysis. Hence, 530 pharmacists took part in the study. This questionnaire was tested and made error-free prior to using. This questionnaire contained 5 knowledge-based questions, 5-attitude related questions and tow questions which were related to the practices used towards the ADRs. Results: The response rate was 24.9 %.The results of our study clearly point out that in spite of the pharmacists positive attitude there was a lack of appropriate knowledge and practice to implement...
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