Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2016 in |
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) (PA) is a widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is commonly available in without a prescription. Paracetamol has been used to treat many diseases such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothaches, colds, and fevers. It cures pain in mild arthritis but has no effect on the underlying inflammation and swelling of the joints. It has been reported as the common cause of drug toxic ingestion. These studies aim to compare the effect of some Paracetamol derivatives such Phenacetin, p-nitroacetanilide, p-bromoacetanilide and n-acetylanthranilic acid on liver structure to avoid Paracetamol cancer effect during its metabolism. From the histological point of view, it has been found that p-nitroacetanilide is the best alternative due to its metabolite...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2016 in |
Long term administration of antiepileptic drugs has been found associated with development of hypothyroidism. But conflicting reports about effect on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are available in literature and duration required to bring about this effect has also not been reported. Therefore, twenty five newly diagnosed adult patients with epilepsy were subjected to estimation of TSH before starting phenytoin and then at 2 and 6 months of phenytoin therapy. Phenytoin levels were also estimated using high performance liquid chromatography at 2 and 6 months and correlated with levels of TSH. The levels of TSH at 2 months of phenytoin therapy were found to be significantly increased as compared to baseline levels (p=0.000) and at 6 months (p=0.021) as compared to the levels at 2 months. A significant positive correlation was observed between the levels of phenytoin and TSH at 6 months (r=0.807, p=0.000) while the correlation was not found to be significant at 2 months duration. Thus, it may be concluded that there is a risk of development of...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2016 in |
Nigella sativa L. is an annual herb and cultivated largely in the East Mediterranean region. Seeds used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of various purposes in the systems of Unani, Ayurveda, Chinese and Arabic. Nigella sativa seed oil was isolated using soxhlet hexane extraction process. GC-MS analysis identified a total of 32 compounds among which 9-eicosyne (63.04%), linoleic acid (13.48%), palmitic acid (9.68%) were the major constituents. Saturated aliphatic fatty acid accounted 63.04% of the seed oil extract. Fatty acid and monoterpene hydrocarbon constituted 23.26% and 4.91% respectively. Also the seed oil included compounds of alkanes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons that constituted 2.84%, and 0.30% respectively. The seed oil was estimated for its chemical compounds and antioxidant activity using in vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and total antioxidant scavenging capacity. Higher antioxidant scavenging activity of TAC and ABTS was found in seed oil. The seed oil contains higher percentage of fatty acids and exhibit antioxidant activity which are useful for preparation of pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2016 in |
Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice, regarding Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) among Postgraduate medical students of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru. Materials and methods: The questionnaire based study was conducted among 150 Postgraduate medical students of BMCRI, Bengaluru. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the 150 postgraduate students, 74% were aware about the advantages and disadvantages of FDCs. The knowledge regarding the WHO Essential Medicine List (EML) was 63%. Knowledge about banned FDCs and rationality of various FDCs were 62% and 32% respectively. The common sources of information were textbooks and journals. 10% of them opined that FDCs should not be allowed to be marketed. The most commonly prescribed FDC was amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and the most common indication was respiratory tract infection. Conclusion: It was observed that there was a lack of awareness about rationality of FDCs among postgraduate students. Hence, there is a need to sensitize them regarding the efficacy, safety, suitability and rationality of...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2016 in |
2º alcohols under acidic conditions (such as sulphuric acid) undergo degradation into E & Z isomers. There are many drug substances with sulphate as salt, and sulphuric acid is used for the preparation of sulphate of drug substance. Also, sulphuric acid is widely used in synthetic process for many drug substances. 2º alcohols are widely used as process solvents and as crystallization solvents. Loss of solvents is very high, when 2º alcohols used as crystallization solvent and drug substance will have high crystalline stability. Flash points of 2º alcohols are comparatively higher than other solvents such as methanol, ethanol, benzene, dichloromethane and many other volatile solvents resulting into better fire safety for reactions and also lower exposure limits. Residual odour while drying of drug substance is minimum. 2º alcohols possess very low practical handling difficulties. For all these reasons, 2º alcohols are the preferred choice as process solvents and crystallization solvent. However and unfortunately when these 2º alcohols and sulphuric acids used together in a reaction, 2º alcohols undergo...
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