Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, affecting 1-2% population worldwide. RA is common among the women in comparison to men. The disease mostly affects the age group 45 onwards, while juvenile cases are also reported. Exact pathogenesis of the disease is still a question. Studies indicate RA as an overabundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inadequate anti-inflammatory cytokines. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are established pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 as anti-inflammatory cytokine in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Crocus sativus is considered as an anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antispasmodic and diaphoretic agent and Nyctanthes arbortristis has been known for its anti-helmenthic, anti-bacterial activity etc. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Crocus sativus (CS) and Nyctanthes arbortristis (NAT) towards anti-inflammatory property in inflamed animal tissue. We induced arthritis by injecting Freund’s complete adjuvant in the paw of mice. Water soluble ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis (leaf) and Crocus sativus (stigma) was administered orally to adjuvant induced arthritic mice at the dose of 23.72 and 100 mg/kg body weight,...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
Background: RA is an autoimmune disease triggered by faulty immune system and affects various joints of body including wrist and finger. Nowadays slow acting or DMARDs (Disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs) are mainstay of treatment in RA. HCQs belong to this group. They are slow acting so they take weeks to months to become effective. HCQ is less effective when compared to gold or penicillamine but its tolerance is better than other DMARDs. Objective: 1. To observe a dose–response relationship for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), in terms of the proportion of patients achieving the Paulus 20% criteria for improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving a 24 week loading regimen of 400, 800, or 1,200 mg HCQ daily. 2. To investigate possible relationships between increased dosage of HCQ and measures of efficacy and toxicity. Methods: 422 Patients with RA began a 24-week study comparing 3 different doses of HCQ at 400, 800, or 1,200 mg/day, followed by 18 weeks of open-label HCQ treatment at 400 mg/day. Patients were evaluated at 0,...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
The objective of the present work was to set up micro-coulometric technique in the laboratory and estimate microgram level quantity of nitrofurantoin in the pharmaceutical tablets. A simple, sensitive, and reproducible manually operated microcoulometric technique has been successfully used for the estimation of nitrofurantoin in pharmaceutical tablets. A potentostat and coulometric cell was used in the technique. A coulometric cell was consist of mercury pool electrode, spiral silver electrode, and saturated calomel electrode. The accuracy of the current was 1µA and applied potential was 0.001 volt against SCE. Further, the prepared tablet solution of nitrofurantoinin ammonia buffer of pH 9.0 was estimated and statistical analysis of the data were carried out. Polarogram of the nitrofurantoin in ammonia buffer of pH 9.0, shows that six electrons are involved in the reduction of nitrofurantoin. The lowest limit of estimation of nitrofurantoin was 15ug. The reprodusability of estimation i.e. relative root mean square error(RMSE) was less than 2µg. The recovery was 100 ±...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
Kaempferia galanga has profound implications in the treatment of nematocide, larvicide, abdominal discomfort, cholera, various inflammatory diseases and many more. It is a potential candidate in terms of evaluating its medicinal activities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate anthelmintic and insecticidal activities of different extracts of the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga. For anthelmintic activity, Pheretima posthuma was selected as test animal while 25, 50, 100 mg/ml concentrations of samples were tested in the bioassay, from which time of paralysis and time of death of worms were estimated. Evaluation of insecticidal activity was performed against Sitophilus oryzae to calculate the mortality rate. In anthelmintic study, extracts exhibited its activity in dose-dependent manner showing higher the concentration, higher the effect. Extracts of ACR, PEF, CHF and MEF in case of 100 mg/ml concentration exhibited its paralytic effect followed by death within a short period of time among which ACR extract gave the best result which only took approx. 20 mins to show paralytic effect and 35 min for death...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
In the present study 17 novel benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesised using 2-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide as the main reactant and different aromatic aldehydes. Reactions were monitored using thin layer chromatography technique and the newly synthesised derivatives were characterized by Elemental analysis, ATR and 1HNMR techniques. For antibacterial activity four bacterial strains were selected namely Bacillus subtilis (gram +ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve), Escherichia coli (gram –ve), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram -ve).Candida albicans was used to ascertain the antifungal activity of compounds. Antimicrobial assay was performed using nutrient agar media for the bacterial strains and Sabouraud agar for the fungus, zone of inhibition of all the compounds which could inhibit visible growth after incubation were calculated. Four different dilutions of the test compounds were taken and compared against ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as the standard drugs. Antimicrobial assay was performed in duplicate. The test compounds were active against both gram negative as well as gram positive bacteria. Considerable anti-fungal was shown by the compounds. Antioxidant assay was performed using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) or ABTS...
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