Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of leaves of Ficus arnottiana Miq. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. In the present study, the microbial activity of ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Ficus arnottiana Miq. was evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important bacterial and fungal strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined in the extracts using agar cup method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts (50, 100, 200 μl) of Ficus arnottiana were tested against two Gram-positive—Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis; two Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa human pathogenic bacteria; and two fungal strains Fusarium solanii, Candida albicans. Zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of different standards like Doxycycline for antibacterial activity and fluconazole for antifungal activity. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown against the tested...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
Aim: To analyze the percentage cost variations among different brands of the commonly prescribed anti–hypertensive drugs. Materials and Methods: The cost of different brands of commonly used antihypertensive drugs was sorted out by referring latest CIMS, MIMS, Drugs Monitor and IDR. The cost of 10 dosage forms (Tablets / capsules) in INR of each brand, Cost Ratio and Percentage Cost Variation were calculated. Results: The percentage variation in the cost was above 100% with most of the commonly used antihypertensive drugs like Amlodipine (2.5 mg) 1040.58%, Atenolol (50 mg) 564.10%, Telmisartan (40 mg) 542.22% and Ramipril (10 mg) 478.39%. Among the combination therapy Atenolol + Hydrochlorothiazide (50 + 12.5 mg) 504.82%, Amlodipine + Atenolol (5 + 50 mg) 437.86% and Lisinopril + Hydrochlorothiazide (5 + 12.5 mg) 403.33% variation Conclusion: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and drugs are to be prescribed for prolonged period. If a costly brand is prescribed, the patients have to pay more money unnecessarily for their treatment. The costly brand of same generic...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
The study presents a protocol for mass propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum through direct somatic embryogenesis. Direct somatic embryos occurred on the surface of juvenile shoot bud sprouts cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP, yielding a high frequency of direct somatic embryos. On the other hand, a much lower concentration of BAP (0.5 mg L-1) led to the proliferation of somatic embryos. The conversion of somatic embryos with high MRN and MRL was favoured on BM. Encapsulation of somatic embryos (<5 mm) in calcium alginate beads resulted in the formation of well-formed synthetic seeds. Out of the synthetic seeds prepared from the somatic embryos (direct) using three types of gel matrices viz. DW, BM and SM, the ones formed using SM resulted in the highest frequency of germination (86.1%). Seed coat breakage and germination of synthetic seeds with the emergence of the tap roots were visible within 1-2 weeks of culture on basal medium. The plantlets obtained were successfully hardened on sand-soil-farmyard manure mixture...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
Cellulite is a normal condition judging from the medical aspect, but from aesthetics aspect, cellulite deserves more attention, especially for women. Centella asiatica is reported to promote both fibronectin and collagen synthesis. Meanwhile, Zingiber officinale is reported to have lipolysis activity. Combination of the two herbals is assumed to have complementary effect as anti cellulite agents. The combination of the herbal extracts is prepared in nanoemulsion form to enhance the bioavailability. The study aimed to determine the effect of nano emulsion of C. asiatica and Z. officinale combination (proportion of 5:1) to stimulate skin collagen synthesis and decrease the diameter of adipocyte cells using histological parameters as an indicator of lipolysis activity. Twenty female Wistar rats weighing 120-140 g were fed a high-fat diet for 30 days. The animals were divided into 4 groups, with the 3 groups received the nanoemulsion of herbal combination with the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 30 days, and 1 group received CMC Na 0, 5% as negative control. On...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
Biodegradable polymeric implant offers a novel approach for sustained drug delivery that provides an option to the patient of avoiding surgical retrieval of implant post-use. Chitosan, a biodegradable polymer extracted from the hard outer skeleton of shellfish, is used nowadays in many pharmaceutical applications (ophthalmic, nasal, sublingual, buccal, periodontal, gastrointestinal, colon-specific, vaginal, transdermal drug delivery and mucosal-vaccine). The main objective of the study was to prepare and evaluate an implantable system of Norethisteron Acetate with chitosan-sodium alginate. Norethisteron Acetate plays an important role in the long term treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhea, endometriosis and as contraceptive. Drug loaded Chitosan- Na Alginate implants were prepared in the ratios of 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30. As the 60:40 chitosan-sodium alginate ratio showed maximum sustained effect (8 days) it was further tested for sustained release potential with different excipients namely, Stearic Acid, Glyceryl Monostearte, Cety Alcohol and Dextrose. Implants with Glyceryl Monostearte sustained the release of drug the most (23 days). Effects of excipients were also observed on drug loading efficiency. Morphology...
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