Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
The study presents a protocol for mass propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum through direct somatic embryogenesis. Direct somatic embryos occurred on the surface of juvenile shoot bud sprouts cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP, yielding a high frequency of direct somatic embryos. On the other hand, a much lower concentration of BAP (0.5 mg L-1) led to the proliferation of somatic embryos. The conversion of somatic embryos with high MRN and MRL was favoured on BM. Encapsulation of somatic embryos (<5 mm) in calcium alginate beads resulted in the formation of well-formed synthetic seeds. Out of the synthetic seeds prepared from the somatic embryos (direct) using three types of gel matrices viz. DW, BM and SM, the ones formed using SM resulted in the highest frequency of germination (86.1%). Seed coat breakage and germination of synthetic seeds with the emergence of the tap roots were visible within 1-2 weeks of culture on basal medium. The plantlets obtained were successfully hardened on sand-soil-farmyard manure mixture...
Read More
Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
Cellulite is a normal condition judging from the medical aspect, but from aesthetics aspect, cellulite deserves more attention, especially for women. Centella asiatica is reported to promote both fibronectin and collagen synthesis. Meanwhile, Zingiber officinale is reported to have lipolysis activity. Combination of the two herbals is assumed to have complementary effect as anti cellulite agents. The combination of the herbal extracts is prepared in nanoemulsion form to enhance the bioavailability. The study aimed to determine the effect of nano emulsion of C. asiatica and Z. officinale combination (proportion of 5:1) to stimulate skin collagen synthesis and decrease the diameter of adipocyte cells using histological parameters as an indicator of lipolysis activity. Twenty female Wistar rats weighing 120-140 g were fed a high-fat diet for 30 days. The animals were divided into 4 groups, with the 3 groups received the nanoemulsion of herbal combination with the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 30 days, and 1 group received CMC Na 0, 5% as negative control. On...
Read More
Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
Biodegradable polymeric implant offers a novel approach for sustained drug delivery that provides an option to the patient of avoiding surgical retrieval of implant post-use. Chitosan, a biodegradable polymer extracted from the hard outer skeleton of shellfish, is used nowadays in many pharmaceutical applications (ophthalmic, nasal, sublingual, buccal, periodontal, gastrointestinal, colon-specific, vaginal, transdermal drug delivery and mucosal-vaccine). The main objective of the study was to prepare and evaluate an implantable system of Norethisteron Acetate with chitosan-sodium alginate. Norethisteron Acetate plays an important role in the long term treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhea, endometriosis and as contraceptive. Drug loaded Chitosan- Na Alginate implants were prepared in the ratios of 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30. As the 60:40 chitosan-sodium alginate ratio showed maximum sustained effect (8 days) it was further tested for sustained release potential with different excipients namely, Stearic Acid, Glyceryl Monostearte, Cety Alcohol and Dextrose. Implants with Glyceryl Monostearte sustained the release of drug the most (23 days). Effects of excipients were also observed on drug loading efficiency. Morphology...
Read More
Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
This study evaluates the effect of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the antimalarial activity of artesunate (AS), artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine using animal model. Some 120 albino mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain were used. The study was carried out in three phases. Phase 1 consisted of eleven groups treated with different doses of either AS, AL, ASAQ or CIP alone. Phase 2 consisted of nine groups treated with 7 mg/kg of CIP (CIP1) combined with different doses of AS, AL, ASAQ. Phase 3 consist of ten groups treated with 14 mg/kg of CIP (CIP2) with different doses of AS, AL, ASAQ. Thin blood films were used to assess parasitemia level daily after administration of drugs for 72 h. Results were analyzed using student t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). CIP alone showed antimalarial activity with 63 % parasitemia reduction. Antimalarial activities of AS and AL were significantly enhanced by both 7 and 14 mg/kg of CIP. The antimalarial effect of ASAQ was enhanced but not statistically significant....
Read More
Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2016 in |
This experimental work aimed at formulating and systemically characterizing mucoadhesive amoxicillin microspheres for the eradication of H.pylori and its associated diseases. The microsphere batches were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation technique with the use of carbopol-934P as mucoadhesive polymer and ethyl cellulose as carrier polymer. Initially 27 formulations were prepared using 33 factorial design using Design Expert software. Results of preliminary trials showed that amount of drug-to-polymers ratio, emulsifying agent and stirring speed influenced the characteristics of microspheres. Prepared microspheres were discrete, spherical, free flowing with good percentage of drug entrapment. An in-vitro mucoadhesive test showed that amoxicillin microspheres adhered more strongly to the gastric mucous layer and could retain in the gastrointestinal tract for an extended period of time. A 33factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, drug-to-polymer-to-polymer ratio (amoxicillin-ethyl cellulose-carbopol-934P) (X1), Emulsifying agent (X2) and stirring speed (X3) on dependent variables, drug entrapment (Y1), particle size (Y2). The best batch exhibited a high drug entrapment efficiency of 66% and In vitro mucoadhesion after 1...
Read More
