Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl (Cucurbitaceae) fruit powder and extracts are reported to have Type 1 antidiabetic activity in experimental diabetic models. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective action of an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin isolated from the plant in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by in vivo and in vitro methods. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by administration of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The rats were maintained for six weeks to induce neuropathy. Treatment groups received the saponin and epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor. At the end of treatment, the animals were evaluated for various parameters of neuropathy like muscular grip strength and pain sensation tests using hot plate and tail-flick methods, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) measurement. In vitro models of DPN were created by initiating sciatic nerve cultures of rats in 12-well plates. The nerve cultures were then rendered diabetic by exposing them to high glucose. After incubation of 7 days, the tissues were assayed for aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. Intraneuronal accumulation of...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
In the present study, Marumoside A isolated from Moringa oleifera, a traditional medicinal plant, was synthesized for the first time using trichloroacetimidate donor as a key step. The aglycone 4-hydroxy phenylacetamide was prepared from 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid using oxallyl chloride and aqueous ammonia. The lipid derivatives of Marumoside A were synthesized using different fatty amines. The anti-inflammatory activity of the Marumoside A and its lipid derivatives was evaluated for the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion levels. Among all the synthesized molecules, the oleoyl amine lipid (unsaturated) derivative showed significant inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion with IC50 value of 16.7 µM and 23.4 µM, respectively, when compared to Marumoside A and its saturated lipid derivatives. Further, the Marumoside A and its lipid derivatives also showed DPPH radical scavenging...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Quetiapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of manufacturing process on critical quality attribute on In-process parameters (Granules). Quetiapine fumarate was selected as a model drug for sustained release drug delivery system manufactured by wet granulation process 1. To identify the effect of compacted Magnesium Oxide Light in the release behavior of model drug. During the study different percentage of Magnesium Oxide light compacted and granulated by using dichloromethane as granulating solvent. Other excipients with different functionality were added in the formulation such as Microcrystalline Cellulose, Lactose monohydrate, Controlled release polymer Carrageenan, Povidone and Magnesium stearate. Initially Magnesium Oxide light was compacted by using vertical type Roller compactor. From the compacted material 40%- 50% screened & 50%-60% retained over #60 mesh is optimized ratio, and this ratio must be maintained to get the targeted release of the said drug from the final...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
In this study, we assessed the availability, cost and affordability of essential antibiotics for paediatrics in a semi-rural region in Tanzania. Data were collected from 1 Medical Stores Department (MSD), 8 public hospitals, 30 Private Pharmacies and 30 Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDO`s). The median price of tracer medicines and average stock-out days of per year were used to assess the cost and availability of medicines in the health facilities, respectively. The salary of the lowest paid unskilled government worker and national poverty line income were used to assess affordability of medicines. The median availability of the lowest-price generics of essential antibiotics for paediatrics in the pharmacies, ADDO’s and public hospitals was 59.09%, 62.5%, and 45.5%, respectively. At MSD, only 13 out of the 22 antibiotics were in stock at the time of survey. The median stock out days was 124 days per year. The median price ratios (MPRs) of retail patient’s prices for 20 generic antibiotics were 1.774 for 30 pharmacies, while for 8 generic antibiotics in 30...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Human erythrocytes were pre-incubated in vitro with paracetamol and then erythrocyte’s rheological properties of deformability, osmotic fragility and aggregation were evaluated after being compromised by various means. Paracetamol (1, 2, 4mg/ml) significantly prevented the loss of deformability through 5mm diameter pores of erythrocytes dehydrated with hypertonic buffer or with calcium ionophore A23187 at 4 mg/ml. When the potassium ionophore valinomycin was used to induce cell dehydration, paracetamol (4mg/ml) also prevented partially the loss of deformability. Paracetamol (4mg/ml) also decreased significantly erythrocyte osmotic fragility induced by hypotonic saline, and prevented significantly the aggregation of erythrocytes induced by dextran 70. The antioxidant properties of paracetamol was studied by chemical assays and found to be as follows: total antioxidant capacity (88.9 µg AAE/mg), reducing power (A0 at 700 nm= 1.0 compared to 3.0 for Vit. C), DPPH scavenging activity (IC50= 62.5 µg/ml compared to 5.8 for Vit. C), OH· scavenging activity (IC50= 40.2 µg/ml compared to <10 for catecholamin), iron chelating (IC50= 144.6 µg/ml compared to 17.3 for EDTA) and Paracetamol at...
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