Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
The objective of present study was to develop effervescent tablets of promethazine (PMZ) for the treatment of emesis. Effervescent tablets were prepared by direct compression method and were optimized using 32 full factorial design. Amount to sodium starch glycolate(X1) and amount of sodium bicarbonate (X2) were selected as independent variables, whereas disintegration time (Y1), amount of carbon dioxide (Y2) and drug release in 5 minutes (Y3) were selected as dependent variables. All the batches were also evaluated for general post compression evaluation of tablet such as- weight variation, thickness, friability and hardness. From the results of design batches, best batch was selected and evaluated for in vivo pharmacokinetic study in a rabbit model. The disintegration time ranged from 58.67±0.27sec to 228.67± 0.67sec while amount of carbon dioxide ranged from 0.1±0.082 gm to 0.29±0.061gm in all the design batches. From the results of design batches, batch F9 was selected as optimized batch due to higher amount of carbon dioxide released and faster drug release as compared to other batches. Batch...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
Neuropathic pain is a persistent chronic pain caused by primary lesion or dysfunction of neurons which is primarily characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia. There is some evidence that acamprosate might inhibit Ca2 influx through NMDA and voltage-dependent Ca2 channels. λ-carrageenan (0.1 ml of 1% w/v) into i.pl. region of the hind paw was injected to produce acute inflammation. Unilateral peripheral mononeuropathy was induced by sciatic nerve ligation. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were assessed. The extent of oxido-nitrosative stress was assessed by estimating the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and nitrite levels in both sciatic nerve and dorso-lumbar spinal cord homogenate in CCI model. The one hour pre-treatment with acamprosate (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) was given. Then second dose acamprosate treatment at the 19 hr post-carrageenan given after first dose oral administration of acamprosate at a dose of 200 mg/kg., but not 100 mg/kg significantly reversed the established mechanical hyperalgesia without producing significant effect on thermal hyperalgesia. The two week repeated...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
Dexmedetomidine, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999 as a sedative for use in the intensive care unit, is a potent and highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist with significant sedative, analgesic and anxiolytic effects mostly used in the intensive care units. This article describes validation for determination of related substances of dexmedetomidine (impurity-1) in dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection by using a high performance liquid chromatography. The high performance liquid chromatography resolution was achieved on an Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) 150 x 4.6 mm, column with an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a mobile phase of75-25% of Buffer with Acetonitrile. The detection was performed by a photo diode array Detector. The method was validated in the concentration range of 0.003 ppm (Limit of quantification) to 0.06 ppm (150%). The intra and inter-day precision and accuracy were within Limit (10 % RSD). The overall mean recoveries of Dexmedetomidine were 97.5% for Limit of Quantitation and 95.6 % for 50% to...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
In the present studies was designed to evaluate oral compression coated tablet formulation to achieve time and site specific drug release system to target lower GIT. A pectin based compression coated tablet formulation of different ratios and concentration of ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate phthalate were designed and evaluated physico chemical parameters and for tinidazole release, compression coated tablet formulation 7.5% : 7.5% ethyl cellulose: cellulose acetate phthalate showed controlled drug release, were formulation showed no evidence of drug release in pH 1.2, but drug released was in simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 after 5 hours, further drug release continued in pH 6.8 i.e. pH of colon for 24 hours and was 87.38% after 24 hour, suited for colon specific drug delivery, on subjecting the selected formulation to in vitro microbial disintegration studies, the disintegration started within 4 hours of incubation period indicates that the usefulness of pectin in the formulation, were pectin is microbially hydrolysable and complete disintegration was observed after 16 hours. In vivo oral disintegration/ degradation...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia differentially affects physical performance and survival amongst individuals. The present study was designed to investigate the role of metabolic enzymes, antioxidants and bioenergetics molecular markers in the differential hypoxic tolerance of animals exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia and the effect of herbal supplementation in augmentation of hypoxia tolerance. Adult rats were categorized as susceptible (<10 min), normal (10-25 min) and tolerant (>25min) on the basis of time taken for onset of gasping when exposed to a simulated altitude of 9754 m (~205 mm Hg). Animals susceptible to hypoxic stress showed significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, concomitant with lower endogenous antioxidants viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. These groups of animals also showed increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Conversely, tolerant animals displayed enhanced antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH), citrate synthase (CS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. Hypobaric hypoxia up-regulated the expression of key signaling proteins involved in energy metabolism viz. hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and glucose transporter4...
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