Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2015 in |
Pharmaceutical excipients when co-processed have improved flow and disintegrant properties in tablet formulations. However, physical mixtures of excipients show limited functions, poor flow properties, and poor functional properties so they cannot be used directly in tablet formulations. Majority of solid dosage forms contain multiple excipients, which provides a wide window of opportunities by combining existing excipients to achieve the desired set of performance characteristics. Over the years, the development of single-bodied excipient combinations at a sub-particle level, called co-processed excipients which deals with particle engineering, has gained huge importance. Co-processing involves interaction of two or more excipients at the sub-particle level aimed at providing a synergy of functionality improvements, as well as masking the undesirable properties of the individual excipients. Preparation of co-processed excipients involves incorporation of one excipient into the particle structure of another, using Co-Drying and Melt granulation technology. Co-processing is primarily aimed at addressing the issues of flow ability, compressibility and disintegration potential. Co-processing of excipients is multifaceted with the characteristic properties like Absence of chemical...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2015 in |
Lutein; an orange-red colored powder, insoluble in water; is a member of the carotenoid family, a xanthophyll pigment. Lutein was evaluated for its antioxidant property when dissolved in different solvents. Solvents used in the study were chloroform, ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The antioxidant potential of lutein was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity, 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric anion reducing power assay (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. It was also assessed for its antihemolytic and thrombolytic potential. Antioxidant property was compared to that of a standard (gallic acid). The antihemolytic property was assessed by the percentage inhibition of hemolysis in heat induced hemolytic assay and osmotic fragility test. The thrombolytic potential was evaluated by the percentage of clot dissolved by lutein in different solvents. Aspirin and trypsin were used as positive controls for antihemolytic and thrombolytic assays respectively. The results for total antioxidant capacity and FRAP were given in terms of gallic acid equivalents and the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2015 in |
The objective of the present investigation was to improve dissolution characteristics of febuxostat, a BCS class – II drug, by formulating it as solid dispersion adsorbate. Solid dispersion adsorbate(SDA) was prepared using labrasol, transcutol and lutrol F127 as carriers and neusilin as adsorbent. Formulation was prepared using combination of melt and adsorption technique. Optimized formulation was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In-vitro dissolution profile was compared with the marketed product. SDA comprising of febuxostat, neuslin and the three carriers in a ratio of 1:2:4 was considered as optimized formulation. FTIR spectroscopy revealed intermolecular hydrogen bonding with neusilin. DSC scan showed absence of melting peak of febuxostat, which indicates solubilization of drug in carriers and conversion of crystalline to amorphous form. This point was further confirmed by XRD. The percentage yield obtained was 90% and there was 10% increase in the dissolution rate of the optimized formulation compared to the marketed product. The dissolution efficiency was found to be 37%...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2015 in |
Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst., known as medicinal mushroom and it contains several bioactive phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, nucleosides, alkaloids, coumarin, ergosterols, ganoderic acids, lactones, mannitol, organic germanium, triterpenoids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals which are well known for their pharmacological properties. In the present investigation adenine, adenosine and uracil content of the aqueous and alcoholic lyophilized extract of dried G. lucidum powder of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) were determined by HPTLC. Further, phytochemical analysis (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, reducing power, antioxidant potentials), antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of both extracts against pathogenic strains like Vibrio cholerae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus was also evaluated. The adenine, adenosine and uracil content of aqueous extract was found to be higher than the alcoholic extracts. Both extracts were identified as rich source of flavonoids, polyphenols, reducing power and antioxidants. A significant antimicrobial activity was observed in both the hydro alcoholic and aqueous extract against all the pathogenic strains tested with MIC value of 2-4 mg/ml for the hydro...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2015 in |
The aim of the present study was to implement QbD approach to identify, evaluate and control critical process and formulation parameters and their impact on critical quality attributes (CQAs) and to establish design space with multifactorial combination which would provide high degree of assurance to achieve quality target product profile (QTPP). A risk assessment was performed with various process and formulation parameters to determine their impact on particle size and encapsulation efficiency (CQAs) of nanoparticles and further high risk parameters were optimized using I-Optimal design. Design space was generated by setting limits to CQAs as per acceptance criteria of Tacrolimus loaded PLGA (TC PLGA) nanoparticles. The optimized formulation from design space was further characterized by XRD, DSC, SEM, in-vitro dissolution study. The nanoparticles obtained were free flowing, spherical, smooth and uniform. In-vitro dissolution study showed ability of nanoparticles to sustain drug release for period of 4 weeks. In conclusion, it can be demonstrated that, QbD approach was successfully implemented for understanding of process and formulation parameters and further develop...
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