Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
Dexmedetomidine, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999 as a sedative for use in the intensive care unit, is a potent and highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist with significant sedative, analgesic and anxiolytic effects mostly used in the intensive care units. This article describes validation for determination of related substances of dexmedetomidine (impurity-1) in dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection by using a high performance liquid chromatography. The high performance liquid chromatography resolution was achieved on an Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) 150 x 4.6 mm, column with an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a mobile phase of75-25% of Buffer with Acetonitrile. The detection was performed by a photo diode array Detector. The method was validated in the concentration range of 0.003 ppm (Limit of quantification) to 0.06 ppm (150%). The intra and inter-day precision and accuracy were within Limit (10 % RSD). The overall mean recoveries of Dexmedetomidine were 97.5% for Limit of Quantitation and 95.6 % for 50% to...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
In the present studies was designed to evaluate oral compression coated tablet formulation to achieve time and site specific drug release system to target lower GIT. A pectin based compression coated tablet formulation of different ratios and concentration of ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate phthalate were designed and evaluated physico chemical parameters and for tinidazole release, compression coated tablet formulation 7.5% : 7.5% ethyl cellulose: cellulose acetate phthalate showed controlled drug release, were formulation showed no evidence of drug release in pH 1.2, but drug released was in simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 after 5 hours, further drug release continued in pH 6.8 i.e. pH of colon for 24 hours and was 87.38% after 24 hour, suited for colon specific drug delivery, on subjecting the selected formulation to in vitro microbial disintegration studies, the disintegration started within 4 hours of incubation period indicates that the usefulness of pectin in the formulation, were pectin is microbially hydrolysable and complete disintegration was observed after 16 hours. In vivo oral disintegration/ degradation...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia differentially affects physical performance and survival amongst individuals. The present study was designed to investigate the role of metabolic enzymes, antioxidants and bioenergetics molecular markers in the differential hypoxic tolerance of animals exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia and the effect of herbal supplementation in augmentation of hypoxia tolerance. Adult rats were categorized as susceptible (<10 min), normal (10-25 min) and tolerant (>25min) on the basis of time taken for onset of gasping when exposed to a simulated altitude of 9754 m (~205 mm Hg). Animals susceptible to hypoxic stress showed significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, concomitant with lower endogenous antioxidants viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. These groups of animals also showed increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Conversely, tolerant animals displayed enhanced antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH), citrate synthase (CS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. Hypobaric hypoxia up-regulated the expression of key signaling proteins involved in energy metabolism viz. hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and glucose transporter4...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
The present study evaluates antidiabetic effect of A. indica leaf extract (AILE) and A. indica bark extract (AIBE) on antioxidant enzymes in the brain of alloxan diabetic rats and compared with insulin treatment. The oral effective dose of A. indica leaf (500mg/Kg body weight) and A. indica bark (100mg/Kg body weight) was given once daily for 21days to separate groups of diabetic rats. At the end of the experimental period, blood glucose levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) were measured in cytosolic fraction of whole brain. Lipid peroxidation levels were measured in the blood plasma and brain of all the treated diabetic groups. Diabetic rats showed high blood glucose (p<0.01). Decreased activities of SOD, CAT, G-6-PD (p<0.05) and increased activity of GPx, GR were observed in diabetic rats brain. Diabetic controls showed significant increase in MDA level in brain tissue (p<0.05). Treatment with insulin, AILE and AIBE restored the above altered parameters close to the control...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Glibenclamide is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent designed intended for the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In certain conditions conventional drug release pattern is not suitable similar to Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and many more diseases, this present study has taken a challenge to formulate controlled release microspheres by using different polymers. An effort has been given to prepare controlled release microspheres along with Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit RS/RL100 and Methocel K15, 100M by using non-aqueous emulsion solvent evaporation method. UV-Spectrophotometric was applied to assay the drug content and in vitro dissolution studies according to USP paddle method and was carried out in Phosphate Buffer (pH 7.4) for 8 hours. The in-vitro release kinetics was studied in different mathematical release models. The best data fitted with the highest correlation coefficient (R2) for microspheres was obtained for Korsmeyer release model. The maximum and minimum release of drug was observed 90.99% and 71.98%. Percent of Actual drug entrapment varied from 7.89% to 15.36% and percent of Drug entrapment efficacy varied from 69.23%...
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