Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens causing BSI can limit therapeutic options and complicate patient management. Objective: To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in our tertiary care Hospital, we studied the prevalence and antibiogram patterns of blood culture isolates from March 2013 to February 2014. Results: Of 829 blood cultures examined, 116 (13.9 %) were positive for bacterial growth. The frequency of Gram-positive bacteria isolated was 52.5% (61 of 829) and that for Gram-negatives was 47.4% (55 of 829). The most common gram-positive organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (28.5%), followed by CoNS (13.3%) and Enterococcus spp. (5.7%). Staphylococcus aureus, had exhibited least resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid. The rates of methicillin (oxacillin) resistance in Staphylococcus aureus were 32%. Among the Gram-negative isolates, the predominant isolates were Acinetobacter and Salmonella typhi (36.3%) followed by Escherichia coli (10.9%), Klebsiella species (9%) and Pseudomonas species (7.27%). ESBL and MBL production was seen in...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Background: Karanjin a furanoflavanoid from Pongamia pinnata (L.) Seeds, has gastroprotective, anti-arthritic properties rendering it a natural drug having prophylactic and therapeutic property. But, the effect of Karanjin on colitis till not known. Objectives: To evaluate the beneficial effect of karanjin for the treatment of experimental colitis. Method: Colitis were induced in the C57BL6 mice by oral administration of 2.5% solution of DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Karanjin (>98% pure) was administered in two different concentrations 100 and 200 mg/kg and 5-ASA (100 mg/kg) as reference for 7 consecutive days to the DSS induced colitic mice. On 8 day mice were sacrificed and degree of inflammation was assessed by Disease Activity Index (DAI), histology and biochemical estimation of myeloperoxidase (MPO), Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were measured. Result: Karanjin significantly and dose dependently ameliorate the macroscopic damage, histological changes such as cellular infiltration, tissue necrosis, mucosal and submucosal damage, reduce the activity of MPO. Depressed MDA and...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
The prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use is high among geriatrics, affecting up to 40% of patients. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the prescription pattern in geriatrics and to identify potentially inappropriate medications using Beers Criteria 2012. The data were collected and recorded in standard data entry format. The prescriptions were analyzed for appropriateness using the revised version of Beers criteria 2012. During the study period 200 prescriptions were screened. Out of 200 prescriptions 64.5% of the prescriptions were appropriate and 35.5% were inappropriate. 95% of drugs belonged to group 1 of Beers criteria (Potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults), 2% of drugs belonged to group 2 (Inappropriate medication use in older adults due to drug-disease or drug-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome) and 3% belonged to group 3(Potentially inappropriate medications to be used with caution in older adults). The use of inappropriate medications can be avoided using the Beers criteria 2012, which is one of the important clinical tools which...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
In this study, acute Poloxamer (P-407) and chronic cholesterol and cholic suspension (CCS) models were used in rats to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of methanolic extract of Gloriosasuperba(MEGS). Two different doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were used in acute model.Acute model was used to confirm the prophylactic antihyperlipidemic properties of extract, and further most effective dose obtained was used in chronic model. Solution of P-407 was administered into rats after 8 days of treatment with extract via i.p. (intra-peritoneal) route. In chronic model the hyperlipidemia was induced prior to treatment for 28 days with most effective dose obtained from acute model. Blood was withdrawn from retro-orbital plexus and serum lipid profile levels were estimated from both the models. In chronic model, assay of liver enzymes were estimated after scarification of rats. 400mg/kg showed the most prominent effects from acute model. MEGS reduced 51.56% of total cholesterol (TC), and 98.05% reduction of LDL level were observed in chronic model. Reduced atherogenic index was also...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Amount of moisture content present in solid dosage forms plays a major role in influencing the physicochemical properties of tablets such as dissolution rate, disintegration time, hardness, etc. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) exposure on various properties of acetaminophen tablets manufactured by direct compression and wet granulation methods. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluent and Plasdone™ K-29/32 and Kollidon® 90F as binder in different formulations. Wet granulation end point was determined using thermal effusivity measurements. Compressed tablets were exposed to 2%, 22%, 52% and 75% RH for 48 hours at room temperature (26 ± 10C). Powder rheometer was used to evaluate the flow properties of granules after RH exposure.USP dissolution apparatus II was used to study the in-vitro drug release profiles after humidity exposure compared to reference. Thermal properties of different humidity exposed granules were examined by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Tablets were further analyzed for hardness and disintegration time. The observed results suggested that the initial drug release...
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