Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2021 in |
The genus Leea distributed majorly in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Madagascar, belongs to the family Leeaceae. It comprises 36 species that are used worldwide for different medicinal purposes. In this decade, research interests in the genus Leea have grown in the fields of systematics, phylogenetic studies, analytical chemistry, identification and isolation of active metabolites, pharmacology, and phytochemistry. A wide range of phytochemicals with a variety of pharmacological activities were found to be possessed by different species of the Leea family, flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins being the major ones. Different plant parts are claimed to be used for the treatment of human and animal ailments. Unlike members of Vitaceae, Leeaceae members (Leea species) do not form tendrils and include erect herbs, shrubs and trees but have shared features such as raphides, minute droplets of plant sap called pearl glands, phloem plastids, common corolla-stamen primordia, as well as similar wood and testa anatomy similar to Vitaceae family. This review reveals new insights on the genus Leea...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
Nanoemulsionis a special case of emulsion. It is nano-sized emulsion used as a carrier. It has the ability to deliver the drug to the target site. It is a good vehicle for the controlled delivery of the drug. It is prepared by the high energy and low energy emulsification method. Emulsifier plays an important role in stabilizing the nanoemulsion. It is anisotropic and thermo-dynamically stable system of oil, water and surfactant-co-surfactant (Smix) in an appropriate proportion. Nano-emulsion has a droplet size in between 20-200 nm. NE has the ability to encapsulate both the lipophilic and hydrophilic drug in o/w and w/o systems, respectively. Hence, improved solubility, as well as enhanced bio-availability of the drug, can be achieved through nanoemulsion. For stabilizing o/w and w/o type NE, both hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants are used at once. The present review article is highlighted on various aspects of formulation-development, patents, and clinical trials of NE and its wider application to the different...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the wholesale market in Wuhan, China in the last months of 2019 and spread to almost all countries of the world. Although several vaccines have already been developed in different countries of the world, there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19. Some agents are used all over the world based on in-vitro, in-vivo studies, and randomized controlled studies. The number of studies on antiviral therapy has been increasing day by day. However, the efficacy of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 remains controversial. In this review, brief information about antiviral drugs favipiravir and remdesivir used for the treatment of COVID-19, the results of the conducted studies, and the possible adverse effects of these drugs are summarized. We hope that this review will provide an impression of favipiravir and remdesivir used to treat and control COVID-19 patients until the approval of specific drugs that target...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
The lymphatic system is the subpart of the systemic circulation for maintaining immune function; this system is mainly known as a drainage system to removes foreign bodies. This system consists of various lymphoid organs and tissues. The lymphatic system based on physiological function as absorption and micro-particulate uptake by these routes the bioavailability and efficacy were enhanced and undergone hepatic first-pass metabolism. The Lymphatic system is mainly used for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents; they also are modified for partial uptake into the lymphatic system to improve efficacy with the reduced systemic distribution. The anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, route of administration, physiochemical properties of drug carriers, and model for lymphatic uptake are also assessed; the novel system reviewed are SLN (solid lipid nanoparticle), liposomes, self-emulsifying system, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, carbon nanotube, hybrid nano-system, mesoporous silica nanoparticle. Lymphatic delivery employed various nanocarriers with the latest technology for various diseases to get a better therapeutic...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2021 in |
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID -19 a pandemic on March 11 2020. As of today, there have been 122 million COVID -19-update cases worldwide, and the counting goes on. Unfortunately, strategic measures such as total lockdown, social and self-isolation, and gradual lifting of some of these restrictions both pose economic, social, and psychological distress and are thought to have affected people more than the virus itself. There is no specific antiviral drug available at this time. However, there are currently five main vaccines on the market that aim to protect the population from contracting the coronavirus. Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech, Oxford/AstraZeneca, Sputnil V, and Sinopharm vaccines are among those included. Furthermore, developing an effective medication that is reliable for the treatment may be more effective, but it is more difficult. To accomplish this, molecular bio-interaction, virulence, clinical, and pathological features of COVID -19 viruses must be clearly understood. Additionally, the designation of potential antiviral drugs in the form of nanomedicines will optimize the therapeutic outcome and improve the quality of...
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