A REVIEW ON MECHANISTIC ASSESSMENT OF HEPATOTOXICITY AND MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL

The liver is the most important organ in the body that plays a central role in the detoxification and excretion of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. Due to these functions, hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health, and that challenges health care professionals. Many liver diseases are chronic, meaning they last for years and may never go away. But even chronic liver diseases can usually be managed. The drugs that work on the liver are generally classified into two categories, one is antihepatotoxic agents, which generally antagonize the effects of any hepatotoxins causing any liver disease and another is hepatoprotective agents which prevent various types of liver infections prophylactically. Plants are the paramount source of herbal medicines. A plethora of data from the medicinal plants is available in literature. The present review is aimed at compiling data on promising herbs in concise manner, which are experimentally proved by the scientists as...

LOCAL DRUG DELIVERY IN PERIODONTITIS: AN INNOVATIVE TREATMENT MODALITY

Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the periodontium induced by specific microorganisms and requires more specific treatment. The traditional mechanical therapy alone is not sufficient for the treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis because of in accessibility in the deep periodontal pocket and depth of penetration of microorganisms into the periodontal connective tissues. Thus to overcome the limitations of mechanical therapy, local drug delivery into the periodontal pocket is recommended. The local drug delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the periodontal lesion site has the advantage of loading a higher concentration of drug at the target site minimizing the adverse effect of the drug on the other systems of the body. The local drug delivery system having controlled release should be considered as an adjunctive to mechanical debridement for the treatment of periodontal diseases. This article reviews local drug delivery systems containing antimicrobial agents. Further extensive comparative studies are required to optimize the use of novel drugs in the local drug delivery system to manage periodontal...

AN UPDATED REVIEW ON THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PRUNUS ARMENIACA

Excessive  drug  therapy,  environmental  pollutants,  hepatic  cancer  and  alcoholic  intoxicants  are  the  main  causes  of  liver  disorders. The hepatic disorders/toxicity can occur by several mechanisms like cytochrome P450 activation, lipid peroxidation, induction of nitric acid synthase, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of pro-inflammatory mediators and bile acid-induced liver cell death. In spite of consistent human effort and drug discovery, the modern drug has very little to offer. (Prunus armeniaca) is commonly known as Khubani or moon of the faithful or Egg of the sun, which is used as folk medicine in traditional Indian medicinal system as well as worldwide medicinal system, belongs to the family Rosaceae. Prunus armeniaca fruit is the rich source of vitamin, carbohydrate, thiamine, niacin, iron, organic acids, phenols and volatile compounds viz. benzaldehyde, esters, norisoprenoids, terpenoids and minerals. The seed of Prunus armeniaca contain very small amount toxic hydrogen cyanide amygdalin, present in bitter prunus armeniaca kernels which are prescribed as anticancer drug, in asthma, cough and constipation. Prunus armeniaca is having some reported activities like anticancer,...

MICROSPONGES DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Microsponges are novel drug delivery systems made up of cross-linked spongy, polymeric, porous, spherical microspheres particles which vary in size from 5-300 μm. This delivery system as the advantage of producing controlled release formulations of poorly soluble drugs. It increases drug stability, reduces side effects and modifies drug release profiles making it a versatile drug delivery vehicle. These active micro sponges can entrap a wide variety of substances and be incorporated into formulations, such as capsules, gels, liquids, creams and powders and share a broad package of benefits. This article presents a broad review of Micro sponges delivery system (MDS), discussing its characteristics, benefits, different preparation methods (Liquid-Liquid Suspension Polymerization, Quasi-Emulsion Solvent Diffusion) and release mechanisms. It also covers different characterization parameters like particle size, size distribution, morphology, surface topography, loading efficiency, production yield, compatibility studies, true density, in-vitro release studies and MDS systems applications in oral, topical cosmetics bone and...

A SYSTEMIC REVIEW ON BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND SYNTHESIS OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES