Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
One of the essential scientific research concluded that DNA / RNA forms the hereditary or the genomic material in all life forms. The double-helical model given by Watson and Crick further added to the biological findings, and since then, various other DNA structures have been established viz., triple-stranded structures, quadruplexes, higher-order structures such as G-wires, polyads, etc. This review article takes into account the various aspects of the guanine rich called the G-quadruplex structure of the DNA, which are formed in the promoter region of a regulator gene called c-myc. Various ligands and proteins help in stabilizing/destabilizing the G-quadruplex structure present in the regulator gene, but a mutated version of the c-myc is seen during cancer, which leads to altered functions and expression of transcription protein leading to unregulated cell growth and proliferation. Thus, G-quadruplexes help in the regulation of the telomerase enzyme activity and can pave the way for the anticancer drugs, which are the need of the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease around the world. Individuals with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are more likely to develop steatosis; however, it seldom progresses to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In addition to the environmental factors, genetic variations further modify NAFLD progression. Several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies have elucidated the role of heritability. More recent genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have reported certain genes that play a key role in the susceptibility and advancement of NAFLD. The genetic basis of the disease further enhances the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism, which helps in developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. This review provides a summary of the genes involved in the susceptibility of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The aim of this article is to provide a wide-angle prospect of the detailed information of pharmaceutical polymers in sustained released micro-beads dosage forms. Polymers have played an integral role in the advanced drug delivery technology by providing controlled release of therapeutic agents in constant doses over long periods, cyclic dosage, and constant release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. When formulating challenging molecules into solid oral dosage forms, polymeric pharmaceutical excipients permit masking undesired physico-chemical properties of drugs and, consequently, altering their pharmacokinetic profiles to improve the therapeutic effect. The number of synthetic and natural polymers available commercially as pharmaceutical recipients have increased dramatically, offering potential solutions to various difficulties. The different polymers may allow increased solubility, swell ability, viscosity, biodegradability, advanced coatings, pH dependency, mucodhesion, and inhibition of crystallization. Biodegradable polymers attract the attention of its use as they can be degraded to non‐toxic monomers and most important, a constant rate of drug release can be achieved from a biodegradable polymer-based controlled release device. Natural polymers can...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body and also to achieve and maintain the desired drug concentration. This could be achieved through multiparticulate dosage form like beads which are divided into many individual units, so, called subunits, each exhibiting some desired characteristics. Micro particulate drug delivery systems have various well-known advantages over single unit dosage form. Preparation of microbeads drug delivery system is one of the alternatives which involve neither use of harsh chemical nor elevated temperature. The conventional techniques involve the use of ionotropic gelation method, emulsion gelation method, polyelectrolyte complexation method, etc. The majority of work has been done on the preparation of microbeads by ionotropic gelation method rather than other methods owing to its ease of preparation. The ionotropic gelation method is based on the ability of polyelectrolytes counter ions to crosslink to form a hydrogel sustained release...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The human gut is colonized by an inherent group of microorganisms that cohabits with us and plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Evidence is being piled up, showing the roles of gut micro-flora in the severity and consequences of COVID-19. The gut-lung cross talk is thought to mediate this outcome resulting in an alteration of gut-microbiome, a phenomenon known as gut-dysbiosis during the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A destabilization of gut-microbial homeostasis can upset the host immune system causing critical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with preexisting co-morbidities like CVD and diabetes. This review underlies the interaction between gut micro-flora and SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent clinical risk factors. While we are still in the hunt for effective medication and vaccine, the administration of prebiotics along with probiotics as a prophylactic treatment for the management of patients with COVID-19 could help reduce the pro-inflammatory state leading to the new insights of novel...
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